5. which of these least accurately describes what happens when abnormal combustion raises the temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber?
a. ping
ob. spark knock
c. detonation
d. vapor lock

Answers

Answer 1

The term that least accurately describes what happens when abnormal combustion raises the temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber is vapor lock. The correct option is d. vapor lock.

Abnormal combustion can lead to various issues in an engine, such as:
a. ping - a metallic noise caused by the uncontrolled combustion of the air-fuel mixture.
b. spark knock - a knocking noise caused by premature ignition of the air-fuel mixture.
c. detonation - the uncontrolled and explosive burning of the air-fuel mixture, which can cause engine damage.
d. vapor lock - a situation where fuel changes from liquid to gas before reaching the combustion chamber, typically due to high temperatures in the fuel system.

Among these terms, vapor lock is least related to the temperature and pressure increase inside the combustion chamber, as it primarily deals with the fuel system rather than the combustion process itself.

Vapor lock is the least accurate term describing the effects of abnormal combustion on the temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber. The correct option is d. vapor lock.

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Related Questions

MARKING BRAINLIEST
What is a good prototype plan?

Answers

Answer:

The plan is to make your design on AutoCAD and then make technical drawings. Print those technical drawings out with a scale of 1:1 and use those to trace over wood or metal.

Explanation:

Answer:

Make your design, make technical drawings, 3D print or trace

Explanation:

It is possible to produce a perfectly crystalline solid that does not contain any vacancies. TRUE or FALSE

Answers

The statement "It is possible to produce a perfectly crystalline solid that does not contain any vacancies" is TRUE.

A perfectly crystalline solid that does not contain any vacancies is indeed possible. In a crystalline solid, the atoms or ions are arranged in a highly ordered and repeating pattern called a crystal lattice. Vacancies refer to the empty spaces or missing atoms within this lattice. In a perfect crystal, every lattice site is occupied by an atom, leaving no vacancies. Achieving a vacancy-free crystal requires precise control over the growth conditions and meticulous purification of the materials used.

By employing techniques such as epitaxial growth, where atoms are added to the crystal lattice layer by layer, it is possible to create a perfectly crystalline solid without any vacancies. This level of perfection is essential in certain applications, such as semiconductor devices, where even a small number of vacancies can significantly impact the material's properties.

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Tho itcms below appear on a physicias's intake form. Determine the level of measurement of tho date. (a) Temperature (b) Allergios (c) Weight (d) Paln level (scale of 0 to 10 ) 26. The items below appear on sa employment application. Determine the level of measurement of the data. (a) Highest grade level completed (b) Gender (c) Year of college graduation (d) Nuaber of years at last job Classifying Data by Type and Level In Exereises 27-32, determine whether the data are qualiatave of quannitative, and detemine the level of measurement of the daia set. 27. Football The top five teams in the final college football poll relcased in January 2013 are listed. (Source: Aswociased Press) 1. Alabama 2. Oregon 3. Ohio State 4. Notre Dame 5. GeorgiafTexas A \&M 28. Polities The three political parties in the 112th Congress are listed. Republican Democrat Independent 29. Top Salespeople The regions representing the top salespeople in a corporation for the past sixyears are listed. Southeast Northwest Northeast Southeast Southwest Southwest 30. Diving. The scores for the gold medal winning diver in the men's 10 -meter platform event from the 2012 Summer Olympies are listed. (Soerrce: Sntemationit Olmmic Committce) 97.20
90.75
86.40
91.80
99.90
102.60
31. Music Albums The top five music albums for 2012 are listed. (Soarce: Birboard) 1. Adele 21" 2. Michael Buble "Christmas" 3. Drake "Take Care" 4. Taylor Swift "Red" 5. One Direction "Up All Night" 32. Ticket Prices The average ticket prices for 10 Broadway shows in 2012 are listed. (Source. The Broalnay Leagut) EXTENDING CONCEPTS 33. Writing What is an inherent zero? Describe three examples of data sets that have inherent zeros and three that do not. 34. Describe two examples of data sets for cach of the four levels of measurement. Justify your answer.

Answers

The level of measurement for the given data is as follows:

(a) Temperature - Quantitative, interval

(b) Allergies - Qualitative, nominal

(c) Weight - Quantitative, ratio

(d) Pain level - Quantitative, ordinal

Temperature is a quantitative variable that can be measured on an interval scale because the differences between temperature values are meaningful (e.g., the difference between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius is the same as the difference between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius).

Allergies, on the other hand, are a qualitative variable that can be categorized into different groups or levels without any inherent numerical value. It is measured on a nominal scale, which means there is no numerical order or ranking associated with the categories.

Weight is a quantitative variable that can be measured on a ratio scale. It has a meaningful zero point (absence of weight) and the ratios between weight values are meaningful (e.g., 100 pounds is twice as heavy as 50 pounds).

Pain level is also a quantitative variable, but it is measured on an ordinal scale. The scale of 0 to 10 represents different levels of pain intensity, but the differences between the numbers may not be equal or meaningful. It only provides a ranking or order of pain levels.

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Calculate the storage size of image ( uncompressing ) in Gbyte for each True Color image, Note that the dimensions of image 512 X3 512

Answers

According to the information we can infer that the storage size of an uncompressed True Color image with dimensions 512x512 pixels is approximately 3 gigabytes (Gbyte).

What is the storage size of the image?

In True Color format, each pixel in the image is represented by 24 bits, or 3 bytes, as it uses 8 bits for each of the red, green, and blue color channels.

To calculate the storage size of the image, we multiply the number of pixels by the size of each pixel in bytes. The number of pixels can be calculated by multiplying the width and height of the image, which in this case is:

512 x 512 = 262,144 pixels.

Since each pixel requires 3 bytes, the total storage size of the image can be calculated as follows:

262,144 pixels * 3 bytes/pixel = 786,432 bytes

To convert the storage size from bytes to gigabytes, we divide by 1,073,741,824 (1024³):

786,432 bytes / 1,073,741,824 bytes/Gbyte = 0.000731 Gbyte

According to the above we can conclude that the storage size of the uncompressed True Color image with dimensions 512x512 pixels is approximately 0.000731 Gbyte, which can be rounded to approximately 3 Gbytes.

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in determining aircraft gross weight and fuel weight, what is the most important design calculation?

Answers

Im pretty sure it is Aircraft sizing
the most important design calculation is aircraft sizing

What is the ANSI B paper size also know as?

Answers

Answer:

ANSI A sized paper is commonly referred to as Letter and ANSI B as Ledger or Tabloid.

Explanation:

The city park has a stream running through it. The city wants to make better use of the park area. What steps should the city planners take to design a park that has all areas available to the public?

Answers

Answer:

they could add a play structure, with the stream they can put ducks and fish in it and picnic places

brainliest plz

Explanation:

Answer:

just took the quiz (k12) answer is...

Ask questions to identify a problem, develop a model, and carry out the plan/desgn.

Explanation:

Because tires do not come perfectly round and balanced, most tire manufacturers indicate
the tire's highest point with a dot and the tire's lightest point with a dot.

Answers

I'm not sure if this is a question to answer or...I dont know lol. Sorry if I couldn't answer this but yeah-

The following comes from the environmental impact statement of a project that involves the construction of a natural gas pipeline terminal. Construction of the Terminal will affect about 404 acres (164 ha) of open land and water. All affected land areas will be permanently converted to industrial land. Construction of the pipeline will impact about 412 acres (167 ha) of agricultural, industrial, and open land. However, the impacts will not be significant as most of the area disturbed by the pipeline will be within agricultural areas and will return to preconstruction conditions after construction is finished. Why does the statement predict that half the land will return to preconstruction conditions while the other half of the land will not? Any land that is not directly under the pipeline will naturally return to its previous state. Half the land is under water, meaning that the environmental impact will be lessened. Half the land has already been developed; half has not. Half the land is already being used for heavy industry so it will not be affected.

Answers

The statement predicts that half the land will return to pre-construction conditions, while the other half of the land will not because half the land is underwater, meaning that the environmental impact will be lessened. The correct option is b.

What are pre-constructed conditions?

Pre-construction is when hazards connected with the project are carefully evaluated and planned to be minimized.

This includes assessing the construction site, determining the need for permits and inspections, and addressing any other unique circumstances that may arise before or during construction.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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in some expensive cookware, the pot is made of copper but the handle is made of stainless steel. T/F?

Answers

Answer: False

Explanation:

The given statement "In some expensive cookware, the pot is made of copper but the handle is made of stainless steel" is True because, in some expensive cookware, the pot is made of copper while the handle is made of stainless steel.

Copper is an excellent conductor of heat and provides even heat distribution, making it a popular choice for cookware. However, copper is a reactive metal and can react with acidic foods, causing a metallic taste and discoloration. To avoid this, cookware manufacturers use a non-reactive material such as stainless steel for the handles, which is durable and does not react with food.

Stainless steel also provides a good grip and stays cool to the touch even when the pot is heated. The combination of copper and stainless steel in cookware provides the best of both worlds – excellent heat distribution and a durable, non-reactive handle. This type of cookware is often more expensive due to the use of high-quality materials and craftsmanship.

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Definition of Assessment (ddp question)

Answers

Answer:

An assessment is the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.

Tech A says that a parasitic draw is measured in volts. Tech B says that pulling fuses one at a time can help locate a parasitic draw. Who is correct

Answers

Answer:

Tech B

Explanation:

updating of water and sewer systems, road and bridge closures, and public parks full of litter and decaying facilities. what the country has a problem with, it appears, is .

Answers

It appears that the country has a problem with infrastructure and public facilities maintenance.

The updating of water and sewer systems, road and bridge closures, and public parks full of litter and decaying facilities suggest that there is a lack of attention to and investment in the maintenance and improvement of these critical elements of the country's infrastructure.

This can lead to a number of problems, including health and safety risks, environmental degradation, and reduced quality of life for citizens. In addition, outdated and decaying infrastructure can also have a negative impact on the economy, as it may limit the ability of businesses and individuals to transport goods and travel effectively. To address these issues, the country may need to allocate more resources to infrastructure and public facility maintenance and improvement.

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a commercial refrigerator with r-134a as the working fluid is used to keep the refrigerated space at -35 c by rejecting waste heat to cooling water that enters the condenser at 18 c at a rate of 0.25 kg/s and leaves at 26 c. the refrigerant enters the condenser at 1.2 mpa and 50 c and leaves at the same pressure subcooled by 6 c. if the compressor consumes 3.3 kw of power , determine (a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, b) the refrigerant load, c) the cop, and d) the minimum power input to the compressor for the same refrigeration load.

Answers

At 1.2mpa pressure and 50c

What is pressure?
By pressing a knife against some fruit, one can see a straightforward illustration of pressure. The surface won't be cut if you press the flat part of the knife against the fruit. The force is dispersed over a wide area (low pressure).

a)Mass flow rate of the refrigerant
Therefore h1= condenser inlet enthalpy =278.28KJ/Kg
saturation temperature at 1.2mpa is 46.29C
Therefore the temperature of the condenser

T2 = 46.29C - 5
T2 = 41.29C

Now,
d)power consumed by compressor W = 3.3KW
Q4 = QL + w = Q4
QL = mR(h1-h2)-W
= 0.0498 x (278.26 - 110.19)-3.3
=5.074KW
Hence refrigerator load is 5.74Kg

(COP)r = 238/53
(Cop) = 4.490

Therefore the above values are the (a) mass flow rate of the refrigerant, b) the refrigerant load, c) the cop, and d) the minimum power input to the compressor for the same refrigeration load.

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Given x1(t) = cos(t), x2(t) = sin(πt), and x3(t) = x1(t) x2(t). A) Determine the fundamental periods T1 and T2 of the signals x1(t) and x2(t)b) Show the x3(t) is not periodic, which requires T3 = k1T1 = k2T2 for some integers k1 and k2c) Determine powers Px1, Px2, and Px3 of signals x1(t), x2(t), and x3(t)

Answers

When a function has a basic period of the type f(x+k)=f(x) f(x+k)=f(x), k is referred to as the period of the function, and f is referred to as a periodic function.

What is function and example?

A function is a kind of rule that, for one input, it gives you one output. Image source: by Alex Federspiel. An example of this would be y=x2. If you put in anything for x, you get one output for y. We would say that y is a function of x since x is the input value.

i) For periodic signal x1(t+T1)=x1(t)

==> cos(t+T1)=cos(t)

The above equation will hold for T1=2nπ

Thus, the fundamental period will be T1=2π

ii) For periodic signal x1(t+T1)=x1(t)

==> sin(π(t+T2))=sin(πt)

==> sin(πt+πT2))=sin(πt)

The above equation will hold for πT2=2nπ

Thus, the fundamental period will be T2=2

b) Now, for x3(t)

to be periodic k_2 \over k_1=T_1 \over T_2

==> k_2 \over k_1=2\pi \over 2=\pi

Since, π

is not an integer Hence, x3(t) is not periodic c) i) P(x1(t))=12π∫20\picos2(t)dt

==> P(x1(t))=14π∫20π(1+cos(2t))dt

==> P(x1(t))=14π[1+0.5sin(2t)]20π

==> P(x1(t))=12

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non-BIBO are never used in practice. True/false

Answers

It is false non bibo are used in practice

A network administrator is connecting two modern switches using a straight-through cable. The switches are new and have never been configured. Which three statements are correct about the final result of the connection? (Choose three.)
- The link between the switches will work at the fastest speed that is supported by both switches.
- The link between switches will work as full-duplex.
- If both switches support different speeds, they will each work at their own fastest speed.
- The auto-MDIX feature will configure the interfaces eliminating the need for a crossover cable.
- The connection will not be possible unless the administrator changes the cable to a crossover cable.
- The duplex capability has to be manually configured because it cannot be negotiated.

Answers

The three correct statements are: the link will work at the fastest speed, auto-MDIX will configure interfaces, and duplex capability will be automatically negotiated.

The three correct statements are:

The link between the switches will work at the fastest speed that is supported by both switches. This is because modern switches are typically designed to automatically negotiate the speed of the connection between them, based on the highest speed that is supported by both switches. So, the link between the two switches will operate at the highest common speed.The auto-MDIX feature will configure the interfaces eliminating the need for a crossover cable. Auto-MDIX is a feature that allows modern switches to automatically detect the type of cable that is being used to connect to another device, and then configure the interface accordingly. This eliminates the need for crossover cables, as the switches will automatically swap the transmit and receive pairs as needed.The duplex capability will be automatically negotiated and set to the highest possible common value. Modern switches are designed to automatically negotiate the duplex mode of the connection between them, based on the highest duplex mode that is supported by both switches. So, the link between the two switches will work as full-duplex if both switches support it, and if not, it will work at the highest possible duplex mode that is supported by both switches.

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When the pressure relief valve in a system opens during work

Answers

Answer:

The relief valve will open as pressure caused by a downstream load or backpressure increases high enough to force the poppet or spool open against its spring.

Explanation:

define a new class named bstwithheight that extends bst with the following method: public int height()

Answers

In this definition, the `BstWithHeight` class extends the existing `Bst` class, allowing it to inherit all of its properties and methods. The `height()` method is then added to this new class, which will calculate the height of the binary search tree when implemented.

To define a new class named bstwithheight that extends bst with the following method public int height(), you can start by declaring your class and extending the bst class:

public class bstwithheight extends bst {

Then, you can define your new method, height(), within the class. This method will calculate the height of the tree rooted at a given node by recursively traversing through its left and right subtrees and returning the maximum height:

public int height() {
   return height(root);
}

private int height(Node node) {
   if (node == null) {
       return -1;
   }
   int leftHeight = height(node.left);
   int rightHeight = height(node.right);
   return Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight) + 1;
}

In this implementation, the height() method calls the private helper method, height(), which takes in a node as an argument. If the node is null, it returns -1 as the height. Otherwise, it recursively calls itself on the left and right subtrees of the node and returns the maximum height of the two subtrees, plus one to account for the current node.

With this implementation, you can now use the bstwithheight class to create binary search trees and calculate their heights using the height() method.

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3. In an engine, the stroke is the distance the piston?

Answers

The distance the piston moves in the cylinder is the stroke. The engine capacity, or displacement, of a car is the combined volume of all its cylinders.

What is piston?

A piston is a component of, among other things, reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders, and pneumatic cylinders.

It is the moving component contained by a cylinder and sealed by piston rings.

Pistons transmit the force output of an expanding gas in the cylinder to a crankshaft, which provides rotational momentum to a flywheel. A reciprocating engine is a type of system like this.

The distance the piston moves up and down in its cylinder is determined by the amount of crank throw. The piston will travel twice the distance of the crank throw in one revolution. This is referred to as the stroke.

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which component within the wiper motor ensures that when the motor is turned off the wiper arms will be brought to the bottom position?

Answers

The component inside the wiper motor that ensures that when the engine is turned off, the wiper arms will return to the bottom position is called the "parking mechanism".

This mechanism is responsible for returning the wiper arms to their original position at the bottom of the windshield when the engine is turned off.

The following is a step-by-step explanation of how the parking mechanism works:

When the engine is turned off, the parking mechanism is activated. The parking mechanism then engages a gear that is connected to the wiper arms. This gear rotates and causes the wiper arms to return to their original position at the bottom of the windshield. 4. Once the wiper arms are in their original position, the parking mechanism is disengaged and the motor stops running.

In conclusion, the parking mechanism is the component inside the wiper motor that ensures that when the motor is turned off, the wiper arms are brought to the lower position.

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If there is a railroad crossing ahead and a red flashing signal warns you of an approaching train, you must?

Answers

Answer: Stop

Explanation: When you approach a railroad crossing with flashing signal lights, stop at the limit line or far away from the gates. And do not proceed until the red lights stop flashing.

I hope this helps!

Which characteristics describe customers who are more likely to have low assets and medium-low debt?

Answers

They have credit cards with no balance.
Customers who are likely to have medium assets and low debt tend to use credit cards, but leave no balance. They also tend to have a savings account and retirement account.

Answer:

Here are some characteristics that describe customers who are more likely to have low assets and medium-low debt:

* **Age:** Younger customers are more likely to have lower assets and debt than older customers. This is because they have had less time to accumulate assets and may be carrying more student loan debt.

* **Income:** Customers with lower incomes are more likely to have lower assets and debt than customers with higher incomes. This is because they have less money to save and invest, and may be spending more of their income on necessities.

* **Education:** Customers with less education are more likely to have lower assets and debt than customers with more education. This is because they may have lower-paying jobs and may be less likely to save and invest.

* **Marital status:** Single customers are more likely to have lower assets and debt than married customers. This is because they may have less income and may be spending more of their income on housing and other expenses.

* **Employment status:** Unemployed customers are more likely to have lower assets and debt than employed customers. This is because they may have less income and may be spending more of their income on necessities.

* **Credit score:** Customers with lower credit scores are more likely to have lower assets and debt than customers with higher credit scores. This is because they may have difficulty qualifying for loans and may be paying higher interest rates on debt.

It is important to note that these are just general trends, and there are always exceptions. There are many factors that can affect a customer's assets and debt, including their personal circumstances, financial decisions, and economic conditions.

Explanation:

A piece of iron of specific heat capacity 0.04 Jkg ¹K and mass 400 kg, is quickly
dropped into 30 kg of water at 10 °C contained in a calorimeter of 120 kg and specific
heat capacity of 0.1 Jkg¹K. If the temperature of the mixture is 30 °C, calculate the
initial temperature of the hot iron (4200 Jkg ¹K¹ = specific heat capacity of water)
(4 marks)

Answers

The hot iron's initial temperature is 157545°C.

What is iron?

Iron has the atomic number 26 and the chemical symbol Fe. It is a metal from the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table.

Given mass of the iron mi = 400 kg

Specific heat capacity of iron Ci; = 0.04 Jkg⁻¹k⁻¹

Mass of water Mw = 30 kg

Specific heat capacity of water C w = 4200 Jkg⁻¹ k⁻¹

Temperature of water Tw = 10°c

Mass of Calorimeter Mc = 120 kg

Specific heat capacity of Calorimeter Cc = 0.1 Jkg⁻¹K⁻¹

Final temperature of the mixture of T f = 30°c

Let Ti be the initial temperature of the iron.

We know that, heat lost and heat gained will be equal.

So,

Mc Cc ( T f - 10 ) + Mw C w ( T f - 10 ) + Mi Ci; ( T f - T i ) = 0.

=120 x 0.1 ( T f - 10 )+ 30 x 4200 (T f - 10) + 400 x 0.04 (T f - T i) = 0.

=12Tf - 120 + 126000Tf - 1260000 + 16Tf - 16 T i = 0

= - 16 T i = 1260120 ( 26028 x T f)

T i = 157545°C.

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Jessica wants to create business cards for her interior design business. Which digital media tool should she use?

Answers

she should use InDesign

technician a says to correct ride height by performing a wheel alignment. technician b says to check for bent suspension components if ride height is incorrect. who is right?

Answers

Technician A is right due to the fact if one facet is exceptional in peak it'll motive a pull. Ride height motive camber and need to be corrected earlier than any alignment adjustments.

To check ride height you could observe those steps:

Park the automobile on stage floor.Roll the automobile ahead and lower back permitting the suspension to relax.Grab your tape degree.Starting on the the front drivers facet wheel, degree from the middle of the wheel to the middle of the fender starting and note.

Ride height or floor clearance may be defined as the quantity of area among the bottom of an vehicle tire and the bottom factor of the vehicle (normally the axle); or, greater properly, to the shortest distance among a flat, stage surface, and the bottom a part of a automobile apart from the ones elements designed to touch the floor.

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a design team is developing a prototype co 2 cartridge for a manufacturer of rubber rafts. this cartridge will allow a user to quickly inflate a raft.

Answers

A prototype is produced, tested, and then modified as necessary until an acceptable result is obtained from which the entire system or product can be developed using the prototyping model, which is a systems development technique.

Explain about the prototype?

Developed to test a concept or procedure, a prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product. Its usage spans a wide range of fields, including software development, design, electronics, and semantics. In most cases, system analysts and users will use a prototype to assess a new design that will improve precision.

An early or initial model of something, such a machine, is called a prototype. From the prototype, new forms are created or replicated. The prototype is what the aeronautical engineers design and test on in the research and development division of a corporation that, for instance, manufactures flying machines.

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Which term refers to an application of biotechnology to forensic science?

Cloning
Transgenesis
Bioprocessing
DNA profiling
Biomanufacturing

Answers

I think it might be DNA profiling correct me if I’m wrong

Answer:

DNA profiling

Explanation:

took the test

Recall the steps of the engineering design process. Compare and contrast the
similarities and differences between the stages of the web design process and the
engineering design process.

Answers

While both methods entail problem-solving, testing, and iteration, the engineering design process frequently places a greater focus on data analysis and the development of comprehensive technical specifications.

What disinguishes the engineering design process from the design process?

In order to address challenges, engineering teams follow a set of procedures known as the engineering design process. The design process is iterative, which means that we go over the processes as many times as necessary to find the best solution. As we go, we learn from our mistakes and discover new design options.

What are the various stages and processes in system design explained?

Developing stakeholder expectations, technical requirements, logical decompositions, and design solutions are the four steps involved in system design.

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A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/8 (internal dia to outer dia) is to transmit 375 kW power at 100 rpm. The maximum torque being 20% greater than the mean torque. The shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2 and twist in a length of 4m not to exceed 2o. Calculate its external and internal diameters which would satisfy both the above conditions. (G= 0.85 X 105 N/mm2)

Answers

Answer:

External diameter = 158.15 mm mm

Internal diameter = 59.31 mm

Explanation:

We are given;

Diameter ratio; d_i = ⅜d_o

Where d_i is internal diameter and d_o is external diameter

Power;P = 375 KW = 375000 W

Rotational speed;N = 100 rpm

Max torque is 20% greater than mean torque; T_max = 1.2T_avg

Shear stress;τ = 60 N/mm²

Length; L = 4m = 4000 mm

Angle of twist; θ = 2° = 2π/180 radians

Modulus of rigidity;G = 0.85 X 10^(5) N/mm²

Formula for the power transmitted by the shaft is;

P = 2πNT_avg/60

Plugging in the relevant values, we have ;

375000 = 2π × 100T_avg/60

T_avg = (375000 × 60)/(2π × 100) = 35809.862 N.m = 35809862 N.mm

Since T_max = 1.20T_avg

Thus, T_max = 1.20(35809862) = 42971834.4 N.mm

Checking for strength, we'll use;

τ = Tr/J_p

Or since r = d/2

It can be written as;

τ = T(d_o)/2J_p - - - (1)

Where T is T_max

But Polar moment of inertia of hollow shaft is;

J_p = [π(d_o)⁴ - π(d_i)⁴]/32

Now, we are told that d_i = ⅜d_o

Thus;

J_p = [π(d_o)⁴ - π(⅜d_o)⁴]/32

J_p = (π/32) × d_o⁴(1 - 3⁴/8⁴)

J_p = 0.0926 d_o⁴

Plugging this for J_p in eq 1,we have;

τ = T(d_o)/2(0.0926d_o⁴)

Making d_o the subject gives;

d_o³ = T/(2 × 0.0926τ)

Plugging in the relevant values to give;

d_o³ = 42971834.4/(2 × 0.0926 × 60)

d_o³ = 3867155.7235421166

d_o = ∛3867155.7235421166

d_o = 156.96 mm

Thus, d_i = ⅜ × 156.96 = 58.86 mm

Checking for stiffness, we'll use;

T/J_p = Gθ/L

Again T is T_max

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

42971834.4/0.0926 d_o⁴ = (0.85 × 10^(5) × 2π/180)/4000

464058686.825054/d_o⁴ = 0.7417649321

d_o⁴ = 464058686.825054/0.7417649321

d_o⁴ = 625614216.5028806

d_o = ∜625614216.5028806

d_o = 158.15 mm

d_i = ⅜ × 158.15 = 59.31 mm

So we will pick the highest valies.

Thus;

d_o = 158.15 mm

d_i = 59.31 mm

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