An energy service company wants to use hot springs to power a heat engine. If the groundwater is at 95 Celsius, estimate the maximum power output if the mass flux is 0.2 kg/s. The ambient temperature is 20 Celsius. Enter the value in kW, use all decimal places and enter only the numerical value.
The estimated maximum power output of the heat engine using hot springs with a groundwater temperature of 95 °C and a mass flux of 0.2 kg/s is approximately 0.0128 kW.
To estimate the maximum power output of the heat engine using hot springs, we can utilize the concept of the Carnot cycle, which provides an upper limit for the efficiency of a heat engine.
The Carnot efficiency is given by the formula:
η = 1 - (Tc/Th)
Where η is the efficiency, Tc is the temperature of the cold reservoir (ambient temperature), and Th is the temperature of the hot reservoir (groundwater temperature).
Given:
Tc = 20 °C = 293 K
Th = 95 °C = 368 K
The maximum power output can be calculated using the formula:
P = η * Q
Where P is the power output and Q is the heat transfer rate.
The heat transfer rate can be calculated using the formula:
Q = m * Cp * (Th - Tc)
Given:
m = 0.2 kg/s (mass flux)
Cp = specific heat capacity of water ≈ 4.18 kJ/kg°C
Let's calculate the maximum power output:
Tc = 293 K
Th = 368 K
m = 0.2 kg/s
Cp = 4.18 kJ/kg°C = 4.18 J/g°C = 4.18 * 10⁻³ J/kg°C
Q = m * Cp * (Th - Tc)
= 0.2 kg/s * 4.18 * 10⁻³ J/kg°C * (368 K - 293 K)
= 0.2 * 4.18 * 10⁻³ * 75
= 0.0627 kW
η = 1 - (Tc/Th)
= 1 - (293/368)
≈ 0.204
P = η * Q
= 0.204 * 0.0627 kW
≈ 0.0128 kW
Therefore, the estimated maximum power output of the heat engine using hot springs with a groundwater temperature of 95 °C and a mass flux of 0.2 kg/s is approximately 0.0128 kW.
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What is one characteristic of the organization of the Periodic Table?
Atoms of elements with the same electron configuration are organized in columns.
Elements are organized in alphabetical order.
Atoms of elements with the same atomic number are organized in diagonals.
Atoms of elements with the same volume are organized in columns.
Answer:
Atoms of elements with the same electons in the outer most shell they are put in the same group on the periodic table
find the center of mass of a thin plate of constant density covering the region bounded by the parabola y=2x^2x and the line y.8
The center of mass of the thin plate is located at (x_cm, y_cm) = (0, 8/5) or (0, 1.6) units.
First, we need to find the total area A of the region bounded by the parabola and the line:
A = ∫[-2,2] (8 - 2x^2) dx
Integrating with respect to x:
A = [8x - (2/3)x^3] evaluated from -2 to 2
A = [8(2) - (2/3)(2^3)] - [8(-2) - (2/3)(-2^3)]
A = [16 - (2/3)(8)] - [-16 - (2/3)(-8)]
A = 16 - 16/3 + 16 + 16/3
A = 48/3
A = 16 square units
Now, let's calculate the center of mass coordinates:
x_cm = (1/M) ∫[-2,2] x * dm
y_cm = (1/M) ∫[-2,2] y * dm
Since the plate has constant density, we can express dm = ρ * dA, where ρ is the density and dA is the differential area element.
Let's substitute dm = ρ * dA into the center of mass formulas:
x_cm = (1/M) ∫[-2,2] x * (ρ * dA)
y_cm = (1/M) ∫[-2,2] y * (ρ * dA)
The density (ρ) cancels out in both equations, so we can write:
x_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
y_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
Now, we'll substitute the equations of the parabola and the line:
x_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
y_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
x_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
y_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
Density = 1 units
Recall the expressions for the center of mass coordinates:
x_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
y_cm = (1/A) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
Since the density is 1, we can simplify the expressions further:
x_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
y_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
We need to evaluate the integrals of x * dA and y * dA. Let's start with x * dA:
x_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] x * dA
Substituting x = x and dA = y * dx:
x_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] x * (y * dx)
x_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] x * (2x^2 * dx)
Expanding and simplifying the expression:
x_cm = (1/8) ∫[-2,2] x^3 * dx
Integrating with respect to x:
x_cm = (1/8) * [ (1/4) * x^4 ] evaluated from -2 to 2
x_cm = (1/8) * [ (1/4) * (2^4) - (1/4) * (-2^4) ]
x_cm = (1/8) * [ 4 - 4 ]
x_cm = 0
Similarly, for y * dA:
y_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] y * dA
Substituting y = 2x^2 and dA = y * dx:
y_cm = (1/16) ∫[-2,2] (2x^2) * (2x^2 * dx)
y_cm = (1/8) ∫[-2,2] x^4 * dx
Integrating with respect to x:
y_cm = (1/8) * [ (1/5) * x^5 ] evaluated from -2 to 2
y_cm = (1/8) * [ (1/5) * (2^5) - (1/5) * (-2^5) ]
y_cm = (1/8) * [ 32/5 - (-32/5) ]
y_cm = (1/8) * (64/5)
y_cm = 8/5
Therefore, the center of mass of the thin plate is located at (x_cm, y_cm) = (0, 8/5) or (0, 1.6) units.
The x-coordinate of the center of mass is at the centerline of the region bounded by the parabola and the line, while the y-coordinate is above the centerline but below the line y = 8.
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A person walk 12.0m east , then turns and goes 8.00 m west , then turns and goes back 2.00m east. What is the person’s displacement and distance?
Answer:
Distance = 22m
Displacement = 12 + 2 - 8 =6m
Light travels at a speed of 3 x 108 m/s What is the speed of light in km/h? a 1.08 x 10 km/hr b 2.08 x 10km/hr c 5.08 x 10 km/hr d 3.08 x 10 km/hr
Answer:
V = 3.00E^8 m/s speed of light
1 m = 1.00E-3 km
1 h = 3600 s
V = 3.00E8 m/s * 1.00E-3 km / m * 3.60E3 s/h
V = 1.08E9 km/h
a) would be the closest but it is missing a superscript
Prove that acceleration=v/time
Answer:
Explanation:
Main Answer:
The equation acceleration = v/time can be proven using the fundamental definitions of acceleration, velocity, and time. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity, and velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. Let's consider an object moving with an initial velocity v0 and final velocity v in a time interval t.
Explanation:
The change in velocity, Δv, can be calculated as the final velocity minus the initial velocity, Δv = v - v0. Similarly, the change in time, Δt, is the final time minus the initial time, Δt = t - t0.
By substituting these values into the equation for acceleration, we have:
acceleration = Δv/Δt
Now, substituting Δv = v - v0 and Δt = t - t0, we get:
acceleration = (v - v0)/(t - t0)
Since v0 and t0 represent the initial velocity and time, respectively, we can rewrite the equation as:
acceleration = (v - v0)/t
By rearranging the equation, we find:
acceleration = v/t
Thus, we have proved that acceleration is equal to v/time.
Internal Link:
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1. A 2.00 liter bottle is filled with 0.100 moles of a monatomic gas at room temperature (293 K). (a) What is the pressure of the gas and how does it compare to atmospheric pressure? (b) What is the t
The pressure of the gas is approximately 1.21 atm.
(a) To find the pressure of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Given:
Volume (V) = 2.00 L
Number of moles (n) = 0.100 mol
Temperature (T) = 293 K
Gas constant (R) is usually expressed as 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) for the ideal gas law.
Plugging in the values, we can solve for P:
P = (nRT) / V
P = (0.100 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 293 K) / 2.00 L
P ≈ 1.21 atm
The pressure of the gas is approximately 1.21 atm.
(b)T=295 k
given the formula is :
PV=nRT
where
P= 1.21 atm
V= 2.00L
R= 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) for the ideal gas law.
(n) = 0.100 mol
T=PV/nR
T=295 k
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explain the difference between the velocity and acceleration of an object.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Velocity is how fast an object is moving....acceleration is how fast the velocity is changing .
6. When the net force that acts on a hockey puck is 12 N, the puck accelerates at a rate of 48 m/s2. Determine the mass of the puck.A) 0.25 kgB) 1.0 kgC) 5.0 kgD) 2.5 kgE) 2.0 kg
The equation F=ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and an is the acceleration, can be used. . Rearranging the formula to solve for mass, we get m=F/a. Substituting the given values, we get m=12 N/48 m/s^2 = 0.25 kg. Therefore, the answer is A) 0.25 kg.
To solve this problem, you can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). In this case, the net force (F) is 12 N, and the acceleration (a) is 48 m/s². You are asked to determine the mass (m) of the hockey puck.
Using the equation F = ma, you can rearrange it to find the mass: m = F/a
Plug in the given values: m = 12 N / 48 m/s²
Calculate the mass: m = 0.25 kg
The mass of the hockey puck is 0.25 kg, which corresponds to option A.
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Suzie Skydiver with her parachute has a mass of 46kg. Before opening her chute what force of air pressure will she have when she reaches terminal velocity
Before opening her chute, Suzie Skydiver would experience a force of air pressure of approximately 450 N at terminal velocity.
Terminal velocity is the point where the force of air resistance, or drag, acting on the skydiver becomes equal in magnitude to the force of gravity pulling the skydiver down. At this point, the net force acting on the skydiver is zero, and they fall at a constant velocity. At terminal velocity, Suzie Skydiver is falling at a constant rate, meaning that the force of gravity pulling her down is balanced by the force of air resistance pushing her up.
This force of air resistance, also known as drag, can be calculated using the formula:
F = 1/2 * rho * v^2 * Cd * A,
where F is the force of drag, rho is the density of the air,
v is the velocity of the object,
Cd is the drag coefficient
A is the cross-sectional area of the object.
Assuming that Suzie Skydiver falls in a typical skydiving posture with a drag coefficient of around 1.0 and a cross-sectional area of 1.0 square meter,
Using the standard atmospheric density of 1.2 kg/m³,
We can calculate that her terminal velocity is approximately 54 m/s.
At this velocity, the force of air resistance, or drag, acting on Suzie Skydiver is equal in magnitude to the force of gravity, which is approximately 450 N.
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In the picture below, label which particle is the solute and which is the solvent
An object is 12 cm in front of a convex mirror with a center/radius of a curvature of 6 cm. The characteristics of the image are___A. real, inverted at a distance of 12 cmB. virtual, upright at a distance of 2.4 cmC. real, upright at a distance of 4 cmD. virtual, inverted at a distance of 6 cm Must follow GRESA format.Given:Required:Equation(s) Needed:Solution:Final Answer:L-ocation:O-rientation:S-izeT-ype
Given data:
* The radius of curvature of the convex mirror is R = 6 cm.
* The distance of the object from the convex mirror is u = - 12 cm.
Required: The nature of the image formed.
Equations needed:
The mirror formula:
\(\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}\)The magnification formula:
\(m=-\frac{v}{u}=\frac{h_i}{h_o}\)Solution:
The focal length of the convex mirror is,
\(\begin{gathered} f=\frac{R}{2} \\ f=\frac{6}{2} \\ f=3\text{ cm} \end{gathered}\)The distance of the image formed is,
\(\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f} \\ \frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{(-12)}=\frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{12}=\frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{v}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{12} \end{gathered}\)By simplifying,
\(\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{v}=\frac{4+1}{12} \\ \frac{1}{v}=\frac{5}{12} \\ v=\frac{12}{5} \\ v=2.4\text{ cm} \end{gathered}\)The positive value of image distance indicated that the virtual image is formed.
By the magnification formula,
\(\begin{gathered} m=\frac{-(2.4)}{-12} \\ m=0.2 \end{gathered}\)The positive value of magnification indicates that the upright image is formed.
The value of the magnification is less than 1, thus, a small size (diminished) image is formed.
Final Answer:
Location - 2.4 cm behind the convex mirror
Orientation - Upright
Size - Small size (or diminished)
Type - Virtual
Hence, option B is the correct answer.
ANSWER ASAPPP
Rosario’s science teacher gives her three liquid substances. The substances are red, clear, and blue. Rosario places the three substances in a graduated cylinder as shown.
What is the relative density of the substances given this arrangement?
densest: blue; medium dense: clear; least dense: red
densest: clear; medium dense: blue; least dense: red
densest: red; medium dense: clear; least dense: blue
densest: clear; medium dense: red; least dense: blue
Answer:
densest: blue; medium dense: clear; least dense: red
Explanation:
i've done this question before :)
if load is 10 kn, cross sectionl area is 2 square mm, contact area = 5 square mm. what will be bearing stress?
The bearing stress in this scenario is 2 kN/mm². To calculate the bearing stress, we need to use the formula:
Bearing Stress = Load / Contact Area
Substituting the given values:
Bearing Stress = 10 kn / 5 square mm
Bearing Stress = 2 N/mm^2
It is important to note that bearing stress is a measure of the force per unit area exerted on the contact surface between two components. In this case, the load is distributed over an area of 5 square mm, resulting in a bearing stress of 2 N/mm^2. It is important to ensure that the bearing stress is within the allowable limits to prevent failure or damage to the components.
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What will happen to the gravitational force between two bodies if the masses of one body is doubled?
Answer:
If the mass of one body is doubled, force is also doubled.
Taking into account the Universal Law of Gravitation, if the masses of one body is doubled, the gravitational force between two bodies is also doubled.
Universal Law of GravitationThe Universal Law of Gravitation establishes that bodies, by the simple fact of having mass, experience a force of attraction towards other bodies with mass, called gravitational force.
The Universal Law of Gravitation states that the gravitational force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates them.
Mathematically it is expressed as follows:
\(F=G\frac{Mm}{d^{2} }\)
where:
G is the universal gravitational constant, with a value of 6.67×10⁻¹¹ \(\frac{Nm^{2} }{kg^{2} }\).M and m are the masses of the bodies that interact.d is the distance that separates them.Gravitational force if the masses of one body is doubledBy definition of gravitational force, the greater or lesser the value of any of the masses causes the force to be greater or lesser respectively.
Finally, if the masses of one body is doubled, the gravitational force between two bodies is also doubled.
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PLS HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
AND IF YOURE ABLE TO PLS PROVIDE THE EXPLANATION TYSMMMM
In frustration, a junior drops the APUSH textbook 1.5 m. How long will it take to hit the ground?
The time taken for the APUSH textbook to hit the ground is determined as 0.55 seconds.
What is time of motion?The time of motion of an object is the time taken for the object to travel from its initial point to the final point.
The time taken for the APUSH textbook to hit the ground is calculated as follows;
t = √(2h/g)
where;
h is the height of fall of the textbookg is acceleration due to gravityt = √(2 x 1.5/9.8)
t = 0.55 seconds
Thus, the time taken for the APUSH textbook to hit the ground is determined as 0.55 seconds.
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like blade runner and fahrenheit 451 crossword clue
like blade runner and Fahrenheit 451 crossword clue, the answer is: DYSTOPIAN.
What is the use of crossword?Crossword clues are hints that the problem solver must interpret in order to discover the solution, which is subsequently typed into the puzzle grid. Clues can include puns, anagrams, and other wordplay; they don't always contain dictionary definitions.
The benefit of doing a crossword puzzle is that it compels students to go through the clues, remember and review the subject matter, and engage in conversation with their peers to dispel any misunderstandings about the subject matter.
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1,What were you doing when you felt most passionate and alive?
2,Do you feel like you've lived this same day many times before?
Answer:
wen I was in the car toing home from school after a bad day n si si I have crazzyyy
Answer:-
1. I feel the most passionate and alive when I watch BTS, because they inspir me to do many things such as Loveing Myself and doning what I love in life and chase my dream. I also feel alive when playing soccer, dancing, playing piano, or singing/rapping, because these things are what I love to do and always loved to do.
2. Yes, I feel like I live everyday the same day, some little things change but the things I do every day are the same, never changes. Wake up, eat, homework, clean, eat, tv, eat, and sleep.
A football coach walks 24 meters eastward, then 12 meters westward, then 36 meters eastward, and finally 22 meters westward. What is the magnitude and direction of the displacement?
Answer:
Magnitude = 26 m
Direction = eastward
Explanation:
Given that a football coach walks 24 meters eastward, then 12 meters westward, then 36 meters eastward, and finally 22 meters westward. What is the magnitude and direction of the displacement?
Let eastward be positive and westward be negative.
Magnitude = 24 - 12 + 36 - 22
Magnitude = 60 - 34
Magnitude = 26
Since the answer is positive, the direction will be eastward.
Therefore,
Magnitude = 26 m
Direction = eastward
(THIS IS ASTRONOMY)
A group of older stars that cluster together in a spherical shape and can contain up to one million stars per cluster is called:
A globular cluster
Open clusters
Spherical clusters
Accretion
Answer:
the answer to this question is A globular cluster
the 12-lead ecg shows st-segment elevation in leads v2 and v3 of ≥ 0.2 mv. what is this finding indicative of?
The 12-lead ECG test that shows st-segment elevation in leads v2 and v3 of ≥ 0.2 mv, could be a diagnostic for myocardial infarction.
What is 12 - lead ECG test?
A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that is recorded using leads, or nodes, attached to the body.
Electrocardiograms, sometimes referred to as ECGs, capture the electrical activity of the heart and transfer it to graphed paper.
When a 12-lead ECG shows st-segment elevation in leads v2 and v3 of ≥ 0.2 mv, it could be a diagnostic for myocardial infarction.
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If a rocket engine is started and pushes its fumes at the ground with a force of 30,000N, how much force is the ground exerting on the rocket?
Answer:
watch over the moon and you will get your answer.
Explanation:
what is an asteroid called that is smaller than a couple meters wide?
Answer:
Meteoroids
Explanation:
Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids, and range in size from small grains to one-meter-wide objects. Objects smaller than this are classified as micrometeoroids or space dust.
The term by which an asteroid called is smaller than a couple of meters wide is a meteorite.
What are meteorites?A meteorite is a small group of rocks and debris. They are made by the collection of dust and small pebbles. They are smaller than asteroids, and they are formed in outer space, and they fall on earth from outer space, and when they fall into the earth with that great speed, they attain heat.
Meteorites also consist of metals, like nickel, carbides, sulfides, etc. It has been said that in old times the meteorite that contain iron, fall into the earth and the iron from them melted into the core of the earth. They are of different shapes and sizes.
Thus, the term by which an asteroid called is smaller than a couple of meters wide is a meteorite.
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the acceleration function (in mys2 ) and the initial velocity are given for a particle moving along a line. find (a) the velocity at time t and (b) the distance traveled during the given time interval.
(a) For a(t) = t + 4 and v(0) = 5, the velocity at time t can be found by integrating the acceleration function, and then substituting t = 0 with the given initial velocity.
(b) The distance traveled during the time interval can be obtained by integrating the velocity function over the given range, from t = 0 to t = 10.
Scenario 1:
Given:
a(t) = t + 4
v(0) = 5
(a) Finding the velocity at time t:
Integrate the acceleration function a(t):
∫(t + 4) dt = (1/2)t² + 4t + C
Substitute t = 0 and v(0) = 5:
(1/2)(0)² + 4(0) + C = 5
C = 5
Therefore, the velocity at time t is:
v(t) = (1/2)t² + 4t + 5
(b) Finding the distance traveled during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 10:
Integrate the velocity function v(t):
∫[(1/2)t² + 4t + 5] dt = (1/6)t³ + 2t² + 5t + D
Evaluate the integral at the upper and lower limits:
Distance = [(1/6)(10)³ + 2(10)² + 5(10)] - [(1/6)(0)³ + 2(0)² + 5(0)] = 383.33 units (approximately)
Scenario 2:
Given:
a(t) = 2t + 3
v(0) = -4
(a) Finding the velocity at time t:
Integrate the acceleration function a(t):
∫(2t + 3) dt = t² + 3t + C
Substitute t = 0 and v(0) = -4:
(0)^2 + 3(0) + C = -4
C = -4
Therefore, the velocity at time t is:
v(t) = t² + 3t - 4
(b) Finding the distance traveled during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 3:
Integrate the velocity function v(t):
∫[(t^2 + 3t - 4)] dt = (1/3)t^3 + (3/2)t^2 - 4t + D
Evaluate the integral at the upper and lower limits:
Distance = [(1/3)(3)³ + (3/2)(3)² - 4(3)] - [(1/3)(0)³ + (3/2)(0)² - 4(0)] = 17.5 units
So, the distance traveled during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 is 17.5 units.
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The complete question is:
The acceleration function (in m/s 2) and the initial velocity are given for a particle moving along a line. Find (a) the velocity at time t and (b) the distance traveled during the given time interval.
1. a(t)=t+4,v(0)=5,0⩽t⩽10 72. a(t)=2t+3,v(0)=−4,0⩽t⩽3
Which of the following characteristics do all unicellular organisms share?
Answer:
Asexual production they can be eukaryotes or prokaryotes
Explanation:
A star in a binary system is observed to have a surface temperature 4.2 times the surface temperature of the Sun and radius that is one-quarter the radius of the Sun. What is the ratio of this star's luminosity to the luminosity of the Sun?
According to the question the ratio of the observed star's luminosity to the luminosity of the Sun is approximately 32.768.
The luminosity of a star is directly proportional to its surface temperature raised to the fourth power (L ∝ T^4) and its radius squared (L ∝ R^2).
Given that the surface temperature of the observed star is 4.2 times that of the Sun (T_observed = 4.2 * T_sun) and its radius is one-quarter that of the Sun (R_observed = 1/4 * R_sun), we can calculate the ratio of its luminosity (L_observed) to the luminosity of the Sun (L_sun) as follows:
L_observed/L_sun = (T_observed/T_sun)^4 * (R_observed/R_sun)^2
Substituting the given values:
L_observed/L_sun = (4.2 * T_sun / T_sun)^4 * (1/4 * R_sun / R_sun)^2
= 4.2^4 * (1/4)^2
= 32.768
Therefore, the ratio of the observed star's luminosity to the luminosity of the Sun is approximately 32.768.
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The work output of a machine is
80 Joules, and its work output is
120 Joules. What is the efficiency of the machine?
To calculate the efficiency of a machine, divide the work output by the work input and multiply the result by 100%.
Correct question:
The work output of a machine is 80 Joules, and its work input is 120 Joules. What is the efficiency of the machine?
Given DataWork output = 80 Joules
Work input = 120 Joules.
Efficiency = Working output/Work input *100
Efficiency = 80/120 *100
Efficiency = 0.67 *100
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why water molecules are closer together in the liquid state than in the solid state.
Answer:
because of the hydrogen bonds, as water molecules come together they stick to one another for a small, but significant amount of time. This slows them down, and holds them closer to one another. They become a liquid; a different state of matter where the molecules are closer and slower than in a gas.
Answer:
When water is in its solid-state, the water molecules are packed close together preventing it from changing shape.
Explanation:
In general, when considering the states of matter, solids are denser than liquids, and normally liquids are denser than gases.
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a 0.3-m-diameter, 5-mm-thick horizontal copper disk is heated from below at a rate of 70 kw. the top of the disk is polished, and exposed to a water bath at atmospheric pressure. determine the maximum disk temperature when nucleate boiling is occurring. in an effort to reduce the temperature of the copper disk, a 1- mm-thick nickel coating is applied to the top of the disk, which in turn reduces the value of cs,f . calculate the maximum temperature of the coated disk. does the coating reduce the maximum copper temperature? neglect any contact resistance between the copper substrate and the nickel coating
1 ) The maximum disk temperature = 119.2 °C
2 ) The maximum temperature of the nickel coated disk = 108.93 °C
3 ) The nickel coating reduced the maximum copper temperature
Diameter of disc, d = 0.3 m
Thickness of disc, t = 5 mm
Heat input, Q = 70 KW
Properties of water at 1 atm,
Density of liquid, ρl = 958.4 kg / m³
Density of vapour, ρv = 0.5955 kg / m³
Specific heat, cp = 4220 J / kg K
Viscosity of water, μ = 279 * 10⁻⁶ kg / m s
Prandtl number, Pr = 1.75
hfg = 2257 KJ / kg
Surface tension, σ = 0.0589 N / m
For water - copper polished,
Csf = 0.013
Heat flux, q = Q / A
q = 70 * 10³ / 3.14 * 0.15²
q = 9.9 * 10⁵ W / m²
For nucleate boiling, Rohsenow correlation,
q = μ hfg [ g ( ρl - ρv ) / σ ]^0.5 [ cp ΔT / Csf hfg Prⁿ ]³
9.9 * 10⁵ = 279 * 10⁻⁶ * 2257 * 10³ [ 9.81 ( 958.4 - 0.5955 ) / 0.0589 ]^0.5 [ 4220 ΔT / 0.013 * 2257 * 10³ * 1.75 ]³
1.578 = 0.082 ΔT
ΔT = 19.2
Ts - Tsat = 19.2
Ts - 100 = 19.2
Ts = 119.2 °C
For water - Nickel coating,
Csf = 0.006
q = μ hfg [ g ( ρl - ρv ) / σ ]^0.5 [ cp ΔT / Csf hfg Prⁿ ]³
9.9 * 10⁵ = 279 * 10⁻⁶ * 2257 * 10³ [ 9.81 ( 958.4 - 0.5955 ) / 0.0589 ]^0.5 [ 4220 ΔT / 0.006 * 2257 * 10³ * 1.75 ]³
1.578 = 0.1766 ΔT
ΔT = 8.93
Ts - Tsat = 8.93
Ts - 100 = 8.93
Ts = 108.93 °C
Ts with nickel coating < Ts without any coating
Therefore,
1 ) The maximum disk temperature when nucleate boiling is occurring = 119.2 °C
2 ) The maximum temperature of the nickel coated disk = 108.93 °C
3 ) The nickel coating reduced the maximum copper temperature
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A ball was kicked horizontally off a cliff at 14m / s. how high was the cliff if the ball landed 83 m from the base of the cliff?
The height of the cliff from which the ball fell is 172.3 m.
What is the time of motion of the ball?
The time of motion of the ball is the time taken for the ball to travel from its initial position to the final position.
X = Vt
where;
X is the horizontal distance travelled by the ballV is the horizontal velocity of the ballt is the time of motion of the ballt = X/V
t = (83 m) / (14 m/s)
t = 5.93 s
The height of fall of the ball is calculated as follows;
h = vt + ¹/₂gt²
where;
v is the initial vertical velocity = 0g is acceleration due to gravityh = 0 + ¹/₂gt²
h = ¹/₂gt²
h = ¹/₂(9.8)(5.93)²
h = 172.3 m
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