Calculate the pH of a 0.40 M ammonia solution. (Kb=1.8×10−5)
Potential of Hydrogen (pH) :
The pH of an aqueous solution is given by the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the solution. It determines the nature of the solution if it is acidic or basic in nature. We can also say that it is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
pH=−log[H+]
Answers
The pH of a 0.40 M ammonia solution is approximately 11.43. pH is an important term that is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the solution. pH is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
The lower the pH value, the more acidity the solution is. On the other hand, the higher the pH value, the more basic the solution is. Ammonia solution is a weak base and can dissociate into ammonium ions and hydroxide ions in water. To calculate the pH of a 0.40 M ammonia solution (Kb=1.8×10⁻⁵), we first need to determine the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.
Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base, so it will undergo partial ionization in water to form NH4+ and OH- ions. The base ionization constant, Kb, is given by:
Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]
As the ionization is small, the concentration of NH4+ and OH- ions will be nearly equal (x) and the concentration of NH3 will be approximately 0.40 M - x. Now, we can set up an equation:
1.8×10⁻⁵ = x² / (0.40 - x)
Assuming x is much smaller than 0.40, we can simplify this equation to:
1.8×10⁻⁵≈ x / 0.40
Now, solve for x:
x = √(1.8×10⁻⁵ * 0.40) ≈ 2.68×10⁻³ M
Since x represents the concentration of OH- ions, we can now find the concentration of H+ ions using the relationship between the concentration of H+ and OH- ions in the solution:
Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0×10⁻¹⁴
[H+] = Kw / [OH-] =
1.0×10⁻¹⁴ / 2.68×10⁻³ ≈ 3.73×10⁻¹² M
Finally, we can calculate the pH using the formula:
pH = -log[H+] = -log(3.73×10⁻¹²) ≈ 11.43
Therefore, the pH of a 0.40 M ammonia solution is approximately 11.43.
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Related Questions
HELP ME PLEASEEEEE!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
I dont know what the answer is
Explanation:
The same or similar results in successive measurements is a feature of which measure
Answers
Answer: Precision
Explanation:
The sodium-potassium pump of neurons pumps
A. choices Na and K into the cell.
B. Na and K out of the cell.
C. Na into the cell and K out of the cell.
D. Na out of the cell and K into the cell.
Answers
The sodium-potassium pump of neurons pumps the ions Na+ and K+ against their concentration gradients across the plasma membrane. The correct answer is option D, Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
This pump is an integral membrane protein that functions to maintain the intracellular Na+ concentration below and the K+ concentration above their respective extracellular concentrations. The pump removes three sodium ions from the cell and transports two potassium ions to the inside of the cell.
The pump's energy comes from the hydrolysis of ATP. The pump works to create an electrical potential across the membrane, with the inside of the cell being more negative relative to the outside. This negative potential is critical for the neuron to function properly. The sodium-potassium pump is an essential component of neuron function.
It helps to maintain the resting potential of neurons, ensuring that they are ready to fire when necessary. The pump is also involved in the creation of action potentials, which are the electrical signals that neurons use to communicate with one another.
Overall, the sodium-potassium pump is a critical component of neural function, and its proper functioning is essential for normal physiology to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is option D, Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
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.need this answer asap
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In gases, the particles travel quickly in all directions and regularly collide with one another and the container wall. The particles acquire more kinetic energy and accelerate with rising temperature.
What are gas particles ?There is not much attraction between the particles in a gas. In comparison to the particles in a solid or liquid, they are extremely widely apart and are always moving. The particles simply strike and bounce off of one other when they collide, without engaging in any interaction.
There is no regular structure and the particles in a gas are well separated. Despite having no regular arrangement, fluids are close to one another. Typically in a regular pattern, solids are densely packed.Learn more about Gas particles here: https://brainly.com/question/16982523
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Where is the potential energy to run the plant?
A 3
B
4
С
1
D
2
Answers
Answer: C
Explanation:
your well wisher
How has cooperation played a role in life's major evolutionary transitions?
Answers
Answer:
The cooperation of a species is shown throughout history. Including in our history. Where it be physical evolution or technological. We have helped each other with building, advice, locations, Reproduction, etc.
In a radio, ______ energy is transformed into ______ energy.
Answers
Answer:
In a radio, chemical energy is transformed into sound energy
What is the molar mass of C2H4O2?
Answers
Answer:
60.052 g/mol
Explanation:
Answer:
60.052 g/mol
I hope it can help
A separation stream off the main reactor effluent contains almost exclusively ethyl benzene, benzene, and toluene at 1 bar and 100°C. You determine that the stream flow rate is made up of 34 kg/s of benzene, 10 kg/s of toluene, and 5775 kg/s of the other component. You send this mixture into a flash distillation unit operating at 0. 6 bar and 100°C.
A. Estimate if this mixture flashes.
B. If the mixture flashes, determine the composition and amount of the equilibrium liquid and vapor.
C. You send the liquid exiting the flash distillation unit into another flash distillation unit operating at 1. 5 bar and 140°C. Determine if this mixture flashes. If so, determine the composition and amountsof the equilibrium phases.
D. What percentage of the original benzene that left the reactor is now a vapor (you have to consider both flash units)
Answers
A. If the bubble point pressure is less than the operating pressure of the flash unit (0.6 bar), the mixture will flash. B. The final composition and amount of the phases will depend on the initial vapor fraction and the operating pressure. C. We can repeat the calculation in part B to determine the composition and amount of the equilibrium liquid and vapor at the new conditions. D. If the vapor fraction is high, it may indicate that the feed is rich in the more volatile components, such as toluene.
A. To determine if the mixture will flash, we need to compare the bubble point pressure (the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor appears) with the operating pressure of the flash distillation unit. We can use a software tool or a phase equilibrium diagram to calculate the bubble point pressure for the given mixture. If the bubble point pressure is less than the operating pressure of the flash unit (0.6 bar), the mixture will flash.
B. If the mixture flashes, we can calculate the composition and amount of the equilibrium liquid and vapor using the material balance and the equilibrium relationship. We need to assume an initial vapor fraction, and then calculate the vapor and liquid flow rates, and check if the initial assumption is consistent with the equilibrium relationship.
We can repeat this process until we converge to a consistent solution. The final composition and amount of the phases will depend on the initial vapor fraction and the operating pressure.
C. To determine if the mixture will flash at 1.5 bar and 140°C, we need to repeat the same calculation as in part A, but using the liquid exiting the first flash unit as the feed. If the mixture flashes, we can repeat the calculation in part B to determine the composition and amount of the equilibrium liquid and vapor at the new conditions.
D. To calculate the percentage of the original benzene that is now a vapor, we need to add up the vapor flow rates of benzene in both flash units and divide by the total benzene flow rate in the feed. We can use the same approach to calculate the percentage of toluene that is now a vapor.
The percentage will depend on the operating conditions and the composition of the feed. If the vapor fraction is high, it may indicate that the feed is rich in the more volatile components, such as toluene.
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how many atoms are there in 6 molecules of water
Answers
Answer:
three atoms = 1 water molecule
3 × 6 = 18 atoms
................
You dissolve 0.66 g of potassium chloride (KCl) in 700 ml of water.What is the molarity of the solution?(From the periodic table: 1 mol K = 39.10 g; 1 mol Cl = 35.453 g)=Enter the value rounded to three decimal places with no units
Answers
Answer
0.009 mol/L
Explanation
Given:
Mass of KCl = 0.66 g
Volume of water = 700 mL = 0.7 L
From the periodic table: 1 mol K = 39.10 g; 1 mol Cl = 35.453 g
What to find:
The molarity of the solution
Step-by-step solution:
The formula to calculate molarity is:
\(\text{Molarity }=\frac{Mole}{Volume\text{ in L}}\)The first step is to calculate the molar mass of KCl
KCl = Mass of 1 mol K + Mass of 1 mol Cl
KCl = 39.10 g + 35.453 g
KCl = 74.553 g
So the molar mass of KCl = 74.553 g/mol
The next step is to determine the number of moles of KCl in 0.66g of KCl:
\(\text{Mole }=\frac{Mass}{Molar\text{ mass}}=\frac{0.66\text{ g}}{74.553\text{ g/mol}}=8.852762464\times10^{-3}mol\)Put the values of mole and volume into the molarity formula above to determine the molarity of the solution:
\(\begin{gathered} \text{Molarity }=\frac{8.852762464\times10^{-3}\text{ mol}}{0.7\text{ L}}=0.00885276molL^{-1} \\ To\text{ thr}ee\text{ decimal places,} \\ \text{Molarity }=0.009\text{ }molL^{-1} \end{gathered}\)The molarity is 0.009 mol/L
True or false: The higher the concentration of a substance in a chemical reaction, the faster the reaction rate will be
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
It's true man..............true.........
Which of the following statements is true:
A) A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition
B) A heterogeneous mixture has a uniform composition
C) A homogenous mixture can have 2 or more phases
D) Salt mixed with Water is an example of a heterogenous mixture
Answers
Answer:
a is true
Explanation:
homogeneous mixtures are mixtures of 2 or more substances that are even throughout ,heterogeneous are mixtures that aren't uniform and can be put back to different parts
what is the importance of polar covalent and hydrogen bonds in the structure of water?
Answers
Answer:
Water is a remarkable substance, and its unique properties are largely due to the presence of polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in its structure. These characteristics play a crucial role in the physical and chemical properties of water, making it essential for life as we know it.
Explanation:
The polar covalent bonds in water arise from the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This results in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (δ-) and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges (δ+). These charges create polarity within the water molecule, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak individually, but when present in large numbers, they contribute to the cohesion, surface tension, and high boiling point of water.
The importance of these bonds is manifold. The cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding enables water to form droplets, have a high surface tension, and flow freely, facilitating transport within organisms and in the environment. Additionally, hydrogen bonding leads to the high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water, making it an effective regulator of temperature in living organisms and ensuring stable environmental conditions.
Furthermore, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the unique properties of water as a solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, including ionic compounds and polar molecules, facilitating various biological processes such as nutrient transport and chemical reactions in cells.
Can carbon and hydrogen form double bonds between them?
Answers
Answer:
Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds. When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds called hydrocarbons. Carbon can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
The carbon-hydrogen bond (C–H bond) is a bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent bond meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens. This completes both of their outer shells making them stable.
^Hope it helps, Hazel^
A 0.4856 g sample of solid silver oxide is strongly heated. (a) Write the balanced equation for the reaction. (b) Find the volume of O2 that can be released at STP. (c) If 0.3804 g of silver is produced, find the percent yield.
Answers
(a) The balanced equation for the reaction can be written as follows:
2 Ag₂O(s) -> 4 Ag(s) + O₂(g)
(b) To find the volume of O₂ that can be released at STP, we need to use the molar ratio between Ag₂O and O₂ from the balanced equation.
The molar mass of Ag₂O is 231.74 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of Ag₂O can be calculated as follows:
0.4856 g Ag₂O * (1 molAg₂O / 231.74 g Ag₂O ) = 0.002097 mol Ag₂O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mol of Ag₂O produces 1 mol of O₂. Therefore, the number of moles of O₂ released is also 0.002097 mol.
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), 1 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. Therefore, the volume of O₂ released at STP can be calculated as:
0.002097 mol O₂ * 22.4 L/mol = 0.047 L or 47 mL
Therefore, the volume of O₂ released at STP is 0.047 liters or 47 milliliters.
(c) To find the percent yield, we compare the actual yield (0.3804 g Ag) to the theoretical yield (the amount of Ag that would be produced if the reaction went to completion).
The molar mass of Ag is 107.87 g/mol. Therefore, the theoretical yield of Ag can be calculated as follows:
0.002097 molAg₂O * (4 mol Ag / 2 mol Ag₂O ) * (107.87 g Ag / 1 mol Ag) = 0.3805 g Ag
The percent yield can be calculated using the formula:
Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100
Percent Yield = (0.3804 g Ag / 0.3805 g Ag) * 100 = 99.97%
Therefore, the percent yield is approximately 99.97%.
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can anyone help me with this question please! asap
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer to that question is glaciers, waves, wind.
Answer:
I think it is D but I could be wrong.
Explanation:
pedro collected temperature data from the
Answers
The statement which have correct evidence supporting above is that electrical energy can be changed or converted into other form of energy.
Therefore, Option A is the correct option.
What is electrical energy?Electrical energy is defined as the energy which is derived from electric kinetic energy or potential energy of the charged particles.
In general, it is referred as the amount of energy which has been changed from electric potential energy. We can also define electrical energy as the energy which is generated by the movement of electrons from one position to another position. The movement of charged particles or electron through/along a medium which constitute current or electricity.
Unit of Electrical EnergyThe SI unit of Electrical Energy is watt-second.
The commercial unit of Electrical energy is kilowatt-hour.
1Kwh = 3.6 × 10^6 J.
Some example of Conversion of Electrical energy are as follow:
Fan - The electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and heat energy.
Therefore, the electrical energy in light bulb is converted into light energy and heat energy.
Thus, we concluded that the electrical energy can be changed or converted into other form of energy.
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How are plant cells different from animal cells?
Select the three correct statements.
A. Their cells have cell walls.
B. They can convert the sun's energy into food.
C. They have chloroplasts.
D. They can move around.
E. They cannot make their own food.
pls help this is due today
Answers
Answer:
b.
They can convert the sun's energy into food.
Answer:
its letter A
because Plant cells have a cell wall, but animals cells do not.
What is oxidation state?
Answers
Answer:
a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound
Explanation:
sodium, magnesium, iron is zero.
The definition of oxidation state is as follows: Oxidation state is a number given to the atom of an element when participating in a chemical reaction.
OXIDATION STATE:The atoms of elements are not always neutral i.e. carry no charge. They sometimes carry either positive or negative charges to become ions. Ions can either be cations (positively charged) or anions (negatively charged). The amount of charges are represented by numbers placed as a superscript in front of the element involved. These superscript charge assigned to a corresponding element during a chemical reaction is called oxidation state. The oxidation state of an element portrays the number of electrons gained or lost during the reaction.Therefore, oxidation state can be defined as a number given to the atom of an element when participating in a chemical reaction.
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How can snowfall be caused by air mass movement and changes?
Answers
A violent change in weather occurs as the cold air mass digs underneath the warm air mass creating thunderstorms and snowstorms in the winter.
What is weather?Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere,just below the stratosphere.
Weather refers to day-to-day temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time.When used without qualification, "weather" is generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.
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What is the role of an indicator during a titration?
Answers
Answer:
The role of indicator in titration is to detect the endpoint of the titration.
why is vapor unlikely to behave as an ideal gas near the temperature at which the vapor would liquify?
Answers
Vapor unlikely to behave as an ideal gas near the temperature at which the vapor would liquify the intermolecular forces between the gas molecules become more significant as the temperature decreases.
What is an ideal gas?An ideal gas can be envisioned as a hypothetical gas consisting of a collection of randomly-dispersed, non-interacting particles with negligible volume.
The notion of an ideal gas proves valuable as it adheres to the principles of the ideal gas law, which is a simplified equation of state.
Furthermore, the behavior of an ideal gas lends itself to analysis through the lens of statistical mechanics.
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How many Sodium (Na) atoms are in 6NaCl?
Answers
6 Sodium (Na) atoms are in 6NaCl.
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is composed of two elements: sodium (or Na) and chlorine (or Cl). A molecule of sodium chloride, NaCl, is made up of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. As a result, each NaCl molecule has two atoms.
\(1\ molecule\ of\ NaCl=2\ atoms\\\\6\ molecule\ of\ NaCl=12\ atoms\\\\\)
So, 6 NaCl contains 12 atoms that is 6 Cl, and 6 sodium.
Hence, the answer is 6.
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What is the volume of 6.9 mol of oxygen at 233 K and a pressure of 4.0 atm
Answers
The volume of 6.9 mol of oxygen at 233 K and a pressure of 4.0 atm is approximately 12.0L.
To calculate volume of a gas, we can make use of Ideal Gas Law equation. It is a fundamental equation in thermodynamics that describes the behaviour of an ideal gas under certain circumstances. It relates pressure(P), volume(V), number of moles (n), and temperature(T) of an ideal gas using the equation:
PV = nRT
Where P = Pressure of the gas,
V = Volume of the gas,
n = Number of moles of the gas,
R = Ideal gas constant commonly expressed as 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) or 8.314 J/(mol·K),
T = Temperature of the gas.
In the question, we are given with:
n = 6.9 mol
T = 233 k
P = 4.0 atm
Substituting the above values in the equation to find the volume, we get:
4.0 * V = 6.9 * 0.0821 * 233
V = (6.9 * 0.0821 * 233) / 4.0
V = 11.9997 (approximately 12.0)
Therefore, The volume of 6.9 mol of oxygen at 233 K and a pressure of 4.0 atm is approximately 12.0L.
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calculate δη°rxn for the combustion of carbon monoxide, producing co2:
Answers
The ΔH°rxn for the combustion of carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide is -283 kJ/mol. This negative value indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat to the surroundings.
The combustion of carbon monoxide (CO) to produce carbon dioxide (CO_2) can be represented by the equation:
CO + 1/2 O_2 -> CO_2
To calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°rxn) for this reaction, we need to know the standard enthalpies of formation (ΔH°f) for carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O_2), and carbon dioxide (CO_2).
The standard enthalpy of formation is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states at a specified temperature and pressure. The standard enthalpy of formation for carbon monoxide (CO) is -110.5 kJ/mol, the standard enthalpy of formation for oxygen (O_2) is 0 kJ/mol, and the standard enthalpy of formation for carbon dioxide (CO_2) is -393.5 kJ/mol.
Using these values, we can calculate ΔH°rxn as follows:
ΔH°rxn = Σ(ΔH°f products) - Σ(ΔH°f reactants)
= [1*(-393.5 kJ/mol)] - [1*(-110.5 kJ/mol) + 1/2*0 kJ/mol]
= -393.5 kJ/mol + 110.5 kJ/mol
= -283 kJ/mol
A chemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. The chemist places 0. 25 grams of aluminum foil in a solution of 0. 40 grams of copper (II) chloride. A single replacement reaction takes place. What are the likely observations when the reaction stops?
Unbalanced equation: CuCl2 + Al - AlCl3 + Cu
Answers
The chemist should observe the formation of solid copper metal, a change in color of the solution, and the disappearance of the aluminium foil through this unbalanced equation.
The balanced equation for the reaction between copper (II) chloride and aluminum is:
3CuCl2 + 2Al → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
In this reaction, aluminum replaces copper in the copper chloride solution to form aluminium chloride and copper metal.
The likely observations when the reaction stops are:
1. The solution may change color, indicating that a chemical reaction has occurred. Copper (II) chloride is blue, while aluminum chloride is colorless.
2. Solid copper metal may form and settle at the bottom of the container, indicating that a precipitation reaction has occurred.
3. The aluminum foil may appear to have dissolved or disintegrated, as it has been consumed in the reaction.
4. The reaction mixture may become warmer due to the exothermic nature of the reaction.
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A solution has a [H] of 1.0 x 107 M. Calculate the pH.
Answers
ANSWER Since 1.0 × 10 -7 has two significant figures, the pH can be reported as 7.00. A logarithmic scale condenses the range of acidity to numbers that are easy to use. Consider a solution with [H + ] = 1.0 × 10 -4 M. That is a hydrogen-ion concentration that is 1000 times higher than the concentration in pure water.
What is the [H+] if the pH of a solution is 7.60
Coefficient? exponent?
Remember to use the appropriate amount of significant figures.
Answers
The hydrogen ion concentration is 2.5 * 10^-8 M
What is the pH?The pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH below 7 is acidic, and a pH above 7 is basic (alkaline).
Given that;
[H+] = Antilog (-pH)
= Antilog (-7.60)
= 2.5 * 10^-8 M
The pH is an important concept in many fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. It is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a variety of substances, including soil, water, and biological fluids.
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Consider a biochemical reaction A rightarrow B, which is catalyzed by A-B dehydrogenase. Which of the following statements is true? a. The reaction will proceed until the enzyme concentration decreases b. the reaction will be most favorable at 0'C. c. A component of the enzyme is transferred from A to B. d. The free energy change (delta G) of the catalyzed reaction is the same as for the uncatalyzed reaction.
Answers
The correct statement among the options is d. The free energy change (ΔG) of the catalyzed reaction is the same as for the uncatalyzed reaction.
Enzymes, such as A-B dehydrogenase, are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. In this case, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of A to B. Option a is incorrect because the reaction will reach equilibrium, where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. The enzyme concentration does not directly affect the equilibrium point. Option b is incorrect because the favorability of the reaction is determined by the change in free energy (ΔG) and is not solely dependent on temperature. Temperature may influence the rate of the reaction, but it does not determine the favorability.
Option c is incorrect because the enzyme does not transfer a component from A to B. The enzyme facilitates the reaction by providing an active site where the reactant (A) can bind and undergo the necessary chemical transformation to form the product (B), but it remains unchanged during the reaction. Therefore, the correct statement is that the free energy change (ΔG) of the catalyzed reaction is the same as for the uncatalyzed reaction. The enzyme does not alter the overall energy difference between the reactants and products but rather speeds up the rate at which the reaction reaches equilibrium.
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