Carefully define or explain the following terms in your own words (give units where appropriate): a. Electrical current. b. Voltage. c. An open switch. d. A closed switch. e. Direct current. f. Alternating current.
Answers
a. Electrical current: Electrical current refers to the flow of electric charge in a circuit. It is the rate at which electric charges, typically electrons, move through a conductor. The unit of electrical current is the ampere (A), which represents one coulomb of charge passing through a point in one second. Current is driven by a potential difference (voltage) in the circuit and is measured using an ammeter.
b. Voltage: Voltage, also known as electric potential difference, is a measure of the electric potential energy per unit charge in a circuit. It represents the force that pushes electric charges to move in a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts (V) and is responsible for creating the electric current. It can be visualized as the "pressure" or "push" that drives the flow of charges in a circuit. Voltage is measured using a voltmeter.
c. An open switch: An open switch refers to a switch in a circuit that is in the "off" position or not connected. In an open switch state, the circuit is interrupted, and there is no continuity or path for current to flow. It acts as a gap or break in the circuit, preventing the flow of electric current.
d. A closed switch: A closed switch refers to a switch in a circuit that is in the "on" position or connected. In a closed switch state, the circuit is complete, and there is a continuous path for current to flow. The closed switch allows the flow of electric current through the circuit.
e. Direct current: Direct current (DC) is a type of electrical current where the flow of electric charge is in one direction. In a DC circuit, the magnitude and direction of the current remain constant over time. Common sources of DC include batteries and power supplies. DC is used in various electronic devices, such as laptops, cell phones, and automobiles.
f. Alternating current: Alternating current (AC) is a type of electrical current where the flow of electric charge periodically changes direction. In an AC circuit, the magnitude and direction of the current oscillate back and forth at a specific frequency, usually 50 or 60 cycles per second (hertz). AC is the type of current supplied by electrical grids and is used in homes and businesses for powering appliances and lighting.
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Related Questions
write a paragraph about what this passage is about?
Accurate estimates of cost are vital to the suc- cess of a construction project. Developing such estimates in great detail is the responsibility of the construction estimator. Usually employed by a gen- eral contractor, the construction estimator factors in everything from the price of lumber to the cost of renting a large crane for a day, the labor pay rates to insurance coverage, and expected loss of time resulting from bad weather. The resulting estimate is used as the basis for the contractor to competitively bid on the construction contract. For firms building single homes or residential developments, such an estimate is used to set the selling price of the homes. Construction estimators usually begin with a set of detailed building plans that provide dimensions and other information needed to begin the estimate. In most cases, the estimator also visits the site. This visit provides information on terrain, site access, drainage, and the availability of utilities. Next, careful analyses of material and labor requirements are done. These are called takeoffs and are entered on standard estimating forms. The estimator must identify and enter on the forms the exact quantities of each item that the contrac- tor must provide. If portions of the work (such as plumbing or electrical) are subcontracted, the esti- mator must usually analyze the bids submitted by the subcontractors. Decisions involving sequenc- ing of operations must be made, since improperly scheduled equipment, materials, or work crews may cause delays and increased costs. Allowances must be made for shipping delays, waste and damage to materials, weather problems, and so on. While most construction estimators are employed by building contractors, some work for large architec- tural or engineering firms. Estimators may also operate their own consulting businesses, providing fee-based services to contractors, government agencies, and building owners or financing organizations. Educational requirements for construction esti- mators usually consist of a degree in a field such as construction management, engineering, or archi- tecture. A strong aptitude for mathematics and pro- ficiency with computer software are also valuable assets. Many estimators also have practical expe- rience in construction work, giving them familiarity with materials, job practices, and the various spe- cialty trades. Additional on-the-job training is usually provided, since each company has its own specific way of preparing and presenting estimates. Professional certification is voluntary, but ben- eficial. Such certification is administered by two professional organizations—the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering and the Society of Cost Estimating and Analysis. The requirements vary, but include a number of years of professional experience and passing an examination.
Answers
The inference is that the summary of the passage is that accurate estimates of cost are vital to the success of a construction project.
What is an inference?It should be noted that an inference simply means the conclusion that can be deduced based on the information that's given by the author.
It was stated in the passage that developing accurate estimates in great detail is the responsibility of the construction estimator.
Construction estimators usually begin with a set of detailed building plans that provide dimensions and other information needed to begin the estimate.
Therefore, the inference is that the summary of the passage is that accurate estimates of cost are vital to the success of a construction project
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5.4-1 the american standard code for information interchange (ascii) has 128 binary-coded characters. if a certain computer generates data at 600,000 characters per second, determine the following. (a) the number of bits (binary digits) required per character. (b) the number of bits per second required to transmit the computer output, and the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal. (c) for single error detection capability, an additional bit (parity bit) is added to the code of each character. modify your answers in parts (a) and (b) in view of this information. (d) show how many ds1 carriers would be required to transmit the signal of part (c) in the north american digital hierarchy (sec. 5.4.2).
Answers
A bit (binary digit) is a single switch that can be turned on or off, zero or one. ASCII is a 7-bit code.
What is a bit?The smallest piece of data that a computer can process and store is called a bit (binary digit). Similar to an on/off switch for lights, a bit is always in one of two physical states. One binary number, often a 0 or 1, is used to indicate the state. But yes/no, on/off, or true/false can also be used to describe the state. Capacitors that store electrical charges are used to store bits in memory. Each bit's state and value are determined by the charge.Although a computer may be able to examine and change data at the bit level, most systems process and store data in bytes. An eight-bit string that is considered a single unit is called a byte. Computer memory and storage are always described in terms of bytes. For instance, a storage device might be able to hold 1 terabyte (TB), or 1,000,000 megabytes, of data. In order to put this into perspective, 1 MB is equivalent to 1 million bytes, or 8 million bits. In other words, a 1 TB drive can hold 8 trillion bits of data.To Learn more About bit (binary digit) refer to:
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In a cellular phone system, a mobile phone must be paged to receive a phone call. However, paging attempts don’t always succeed because the mobile phone may not receive the paging signal clearly. Consequently, the system will page a phone up to three times before giving up. If the results of all paging attempts are independent and a single paging attempt succeeds with probability 0.8, sketch a probability tree for this experiment and find the probability P[F] that the phone receives the paging signal clearly.
Answers
Answer:
The correct response will be "0.992". The further explanation to the following question is given below.
Explanation:
The probability that paging would be beneficial becomes 0.8
Effective paging at the very first attempted is 0.8
On the second attempt the success probability will be:
⇒ \(0.2\times 0.8\)
⇒ \(0.16\)
On the third attempt the success probability will be:
⇒ \(0.2\times 0.2\times 0.8\)
⇒ \(0.032\)
So that the success probability will be:
⇒ \(0.8 + 0.16 + 0.032\)
⇒ \(0.992\)
Car crashes in the United States result in high costs. In
what areas do these high costs occur?
Answers
Answer: money & human lives
Explanation:
answer on career safe!
The high cost occur in Money and Human lives.
Car crashes accounts for an average of 38,000 death in the US per year and the country have the highest number of car crashes in the world.
Distracted driving, Over-speeding, Drunk Driving, Reckless Driving, Slippery road are the major cause of car crash across the globeThe consequence of fatal car crash are often enormous for Insurance company and for the bereaved family.Insurance companies usually pay for damage or loss of life caused to other users as a result of accident used by insured vehicle.In conclusion, the high costs that occur as a result of Car Crash is Money (Indemnity) and loss of Human lives.
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Match Longitudinal bar diameter with minimum size of fitment
1) Up to N20 single bar
2) N24 to N36 single bar
3) Bundle bars
a) N6
b) N10
c) N12
Answers
The match for longitudinal bar diameter with minimum size of fitment is Up to N20 single bar - b) N10, N24 to N36 single bar - c) N12, and Bundle bars - a) N6.
The size and design of the reinforcing bars used in construction influence how closely the longitudinal bar diameter matches the minimal size of fitting.
The minimum size of fitment is normally N10, which refers to a minimum bar diameter of 10mm, for bars up to N20, which refers to smaller diameter bars.
These more compact bars are frequently employed for lighter loads or in locations where less reinforcing is required.
The lowest size of fitment is often N12, which denotes a minimum bar diameter of 12mm, with larger bars ranging from N24 to N36, which are larger diameter bars.
The minimum size of fitment for bundle bars, which are many bars bundled together, is N6, which translates to a minimum bar diameter of 6mm.
Thus, this can be the match for the given scenario.
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Which equipment is used to supply power to several connections from one supply source?
A. Adapters
B. Junction boxes
C. Multi-use cords
D. Twist-lock receptacles
Answers
B. Junction boxes equipment is used to supply power to several connections from one supply source.
Junction boxes are essential components in electrical systems that serve the purpose of distributing power from a single supply source to multiple connections. They are designed as electrical enclosures, typically made of metal or plastic, that house and protect the electrical connections and wiring within.
The main function of a junction box is to provide a centralized location where multiple electrical circuits or wires can come together and be connected. These circuits may be part of a larger electrical system, such as a building's wiring network, or they may be specific circuits for various devices or outlets.
By consolidating the connections in one place, junction boxes ensure a more organized and manageable electrical setup. They help in preventing loose or exposed wiring, which can be hazardous and prone to accidents. The enclosure of the junction box also provides protection against dust, moisture, and other external elements that could potentially damage the electrical connections.
When it comes to supplying power, the junction box acts as a hub. It receives the electrical supply from the main source, such as a circuit breaker panel, and then distributes that power to the connected circuits or devices. This distribution allows for multiple connections to receive power simultaneously and efficiently.
Junction boxes also play a crucial role in maintaining electrical safety. They often have covers or lids that can be securely fastened, preventing unauthorized access to the wiring and reducing the risk of electrical shocks or accidents. Additionally, junction boxes are designed to meet specific electrical codes and standards to ensure proper installation and compliance with safety regulations.
In summary, junction boxes are used to provide power to several connections from one supply source by serving as centralized enclosures for electrical connections. They facilitate the distribution of power, protect the wiring, and enhance electrical safety within an electrical system or installation.
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Find: factor of safety (n)for point A and B by using both MSS and DE (you can neglect shear stress due to shear force and also neglect stress concentration)
Answers
Answer:
Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
Answer : Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Explanation:
Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Attached below is the detailed solution
Which of the following approaches might be useful when investigating situations involving large, complex, and interrelated machinery and procedures?
Answers
FMEA , might be useful when investigating situations involving large, complex, and interrelated machinery and procedures
What is maintenance?Maintenance is the act of keeping something in good working condition. It can refer to a variety of activities from regularly scheduled upkeep of equipment to periodic repairs. Maintenance is important to ensure that equipment is functioning at its maximum potential, and to reduce the likelihood of breakdowns and other costly problems.
Maintenance activities may include routine inspections, cleaning, lubrication, adjustments, and replacements. Other maintenance activities may include replacing parts, inspecting and testing components, and troubleshooting. Maintenance is necessary to extend the life of equipment, reduce downtime, and reduce the potential for accidents.
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Which of the following cable types often includes a solid plastic core that keeps the twisted pairs separated?Cat 6Cat 3Cat 5eCat 5
Answers
The twisted pairs are kept apart in cat 6 cables by a solid plastic core, which also helps to prevent the cable from being bent too tightly.
Computer networks that can send data at speeds of one Gbps, 1000 Mbps, or more typically employ Cat 6 cables. The following traits apply: consists of four sets of copper wires, each of which is used in data transmission.
offers a speed of up to 10 Gbps, a bandwidth of 250 MHz, and a length that can be extended to 100 metres.
compares favourably to earlier twisted pair cable variants in terms of better crosstalk and attenuation protection.
Ethernet networks like 10BaseT, 100Base-TX, 1000 Base-T, and 10 GBase-T can use the Cat 6 cable.
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Air at 40°C flow steadily through the pipe shown in Fig. 1 below. If P1 = 40 kPa (gage), P2 = 10 kPa (gage), D = 3d, Patm ≅ 100 kPa, the average velocity at section 2 is V2 = 25 m/s, and air temperature remains nearly constant, determine the average speed at section 1.
Answers
Based on the average velocity at section 2, and the absolute pressures at both sectors, the average speed at section 1 is 2.226 m/s.
What is the average speed at section 1?Density at P₁:
= (40 + 100) / (0.287 x (40 + 273))
= 1.5585 kg/m³
Density at P₂:
= (10 + 100) / (0.287 x (40 + 273))
= 1.2245 kg/m³
The average speed at section 1 is:
= (Density at P₂ x d² x 25.5) / (Density at P₁ x 9d²)
= 2.226 m/s
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a transistor radio operates by means of a 9.0-v battery that supplies it with a 50-ma current. a. if the cost of the battery is $0.90 and it lasts for 300 h, what is the cost per kwh to operate the radio in this manner?
Answers
The cost per kilowatt-hour to operate the radio in this manner is $111.11/kWh.
To calculate the cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh), we first need to determine the total energy used by the radio. This can be calculated as follows:
Energy = Power x Time = Current x Voltage x Time
Power = Current x Voltage
= 50 mA x 9.0 V = 450 mW
Time = 300 hours = 300 x 60 minutes = 18000 minutes
Energy = 450 mW x 18000 minutes = 8.1 Wh
Next, we need to convert the energy from watt-hours to kilowatt-hours:
8.1 Wh ÷ 1000 = 0.0081 kWh
Finally, we divide the cost of the battery by the energy used to get the cost per kilowatt-hour:
cost per kWh = $0.90 ÷ 0.0081 kWh = $111.11/kWh
So the cost per kilowatt-hour to operate the radio in this manner is $111.11/kWh.
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As You Read Connect How can identifying your interests help you to succeed at school and at work?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Identifying your interests can help you to succeed at school and at work in a few key ways. First, having an understanding of what interests you can help you to focus on the subjects that you are most passionate about, which can lead to higher grades and better performance. Additionally, having an understanding of your interests can help you to choose a major, a job, or a career that will be most rewarding and beneficial to you. Knowing what interests you can also help you to develop goals and objectives that will give you a sense of direction and focus. Finally, being aware of your interests can help you to find an organization or group that shares your values and interests, which can provide greater job satisfaction and lead to more success.
There are 2 parts to this question. The two questions are:
The cycle time of the process is s ? minues.
The flow time of the process is ? minures.
A process of making chair is described in these steps. Stage 1: Seat and back attached. Stage 2: Legs attached.
The production speeds are 15 chairs per hour for stage 1 and 30 chairs per hour for stage 2.
Answers
The cycle time of the process is 6 minutes.
The flow time of the process is 6 minutes.
How to calculate the timeStage 1: 1 chair / (15 chairs/hour) = 0.067 hours/chair = 4 minutes/chair
Stage 2: 1 chair / (30 chairs/hour) = 0.033 hours/chair = 2 minutes/chair
Therefore, the total time to complete one chair in the process is:
Cycle time = Stage 1 time + Stage 2 time
Cycle time = 4 minutes/chair + 2 minutes/chair = 6 minutes/chair
So the cycle time of the process is 6 minutes.
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by purchasing software that gathers data and predicts trends in the most popular genres without any extra programming, the library can purchase the books that people will read
Answers
By utilizing software that collects data and forecasts trends in popular genres, the library can make informed decisions on which books to purchase. This ensures that the library's collection stays up-to-date and aligns with the reading interests of the community, ultimately leading to increased patron satisfaction and engagement.
By purchasing software that gathers data and predicts trends in the most popular genres, the library can make informed purchasing decisions on the books that people are likely to read. This eliminates the need for extra programming and ensures that the library's collection stays relevant and in-demand. The software can analyze data such as user preferences, browsing history, and book ratings to generate accurate predictions on which books will be popular in the future. This ultimately saves the library time and money by avoiding the purchase of books that may not be well-received by their audience. Overall, investing in such software can greatly benefit the library's collection development strategy and help them better serve their community's reading needs.
By utilizing software that collects data and forecasts trends in popular genres, the library can make informed decisions on which books to purchase. This ensures that the library's collection stays up-to-date and aligns with the reading interests of the community, ultimately leading to increased patron satisfaction and engagement.
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By purchasing software that gathers data and predicts trends in the most popular genres, the library can make informed decisions when acquiring new books.
This approach ensures that the library's collection remains up-to-date and relevant to the interests of its patrons, ultimately increasing the likelihood that people will read the selected books. Furthermore, this software eliminates the need for extra programming, saving time and resources.Such data-driven decisions also allow the library to maximize its budget, as it can focus on purchasing titles that are more likely to be borrowed and enjoyed by the community. Additionally, understanding trends in popular genres can assist the library in creating targeted promotions and events, further engaging patrons and fostering a love for reading.In summary, utilizing software that gathers data and predicts trends in popular genres is an efficient and cost-effective way for a library to maintain a relevant and engaging collection. This approach benefits both the library and its patrons by ensuring a diverse and appealing selection of books that cater to the community's interests.For such more question on fostering
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Select the classes that are the direct subclasses of (i. E. Directly extend) the class commonmarker in module 5 programming assignment (when the assignment is complete). Select all that apply.
a. City Maker
b. Earthquake Maker
c. Landquake Maker
d. Simple point maker
e. Ocean quake Maker
Answers
Assuming that the class commonmarker is a superclass in the module 5 programming assignment, the direct subclasses of this class would be the classes that directly inherit from it.
In other words, the subclasses that have commonmarker as their immediate parent class.Based on the class names provided in the question, it is not possible to determine which of them are direct subclasses of commonmarker without additional context. It is possible that some of them may inherit from another class that is a subclass of commonmarker. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer.In general, to determine the direct subclasses of a class in a specific programming assignment, it is necessary to inspect the code and look for classes that inherit from that class using the extends keyword or the super() method in their constructor.
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QUESTION 4
D
Which of the four strokes of a four-cycle internal combustion engine is the shortest in crankshaft duration?
O A.Power
O b.Exhaust
O c. Intake
O d. Compression
Answers
Answer:
The answer will be B i hope this helps
What color is a board sternlight
Answers
We can infer and logically deduce that the color of a boat's sternlight is white.
What is a sternlight?A sternlight can be defined as a white light that is designed and developed to be placed as closely as possible and practical with the stern shining continuously (constantly).
By default, a sternlight is typically affixed to the boat in such a way that the light will shine out at an angle of 135 degrees (135°) from the back of the boat.
In this context, we can infer and logically deduce that the color of a boat's sternlight is white and it avails sailors and other persons the opportunity of determining and knowing the direction that a boat (vessel) is moving.
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Complete Question:
What color is a boat sternlight?
The inputs of two registers R0 and R1 are controlled by a 2-to-1 multiplexer. The multiplexer select line and the register load enable inputs are controlled by inputs C0 and C1. Only one of the control inputs may be equal to 1 at a time. The required transfers are:
Answers
Answer: Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
answer :
Attached below
Explanation:
Given data:
The inputs of two registers are controlled by a 2-to-1 multiplexer.
The multiplexer select line and the register load enable inputs are controlled by inputs Co, C1, and C2.
Using the required transfers in the question to complete the detailed logic diagrams ( attached below )
a fatigue test was conducted in which the mean stress was 60 mpa (8702 psi), and the stress amplitude was 230 mpa (33360 psi). (a) compute the maximum stress level. mpa (b) compute the minimum stress level. mpa (c) compute the stress ratio. (d) compute the magnitude of the stress range. mpa
Answers
The ratio of the least to highest stress is known as the stress ratio. 345 mpa is the greatest stress level.
Explain about the maximum stress level?
The mean stress is 60 mpa. The highest tensile stress and the minimum compressive stress, respectively, are denoted by the words "maximum stress" and "minimum stress." The stress range was established using the absolute difference between the highest and lowest stress.
Maximum stress level = 1/2 of the maximum and minimum stresses.
Then,
60 = 1/2 (Maximum stress minus Minimum stress)
230 = Maximum Stress plus Minimum Stress - (1)
As opposed to that,
Amplitude is= half of the maximum and minimum stresses.
120 = 1/2(Max. stress - Min. Stress) (Max. stress - Min. Stress)
460 equals Maximum Stress - Minimum Stress - (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) yields:
Equation (1) + (2) 230 = Maximum stress + Minimum stress
460 = Maximum stress - Minimum stress
690 = 2 Maximum stress
690/2 = 345 mpa
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The heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over a sphere is to be determined by observing the temperature-time history of a sphere fabricated form pure copper. The sphere, which is 12.7 mm in diameter, is at 66 degree C before it is inserted into an air stream having a temperature of 27 degree C. After the sphere has been inserted in the air stream for 69 s, the thermocouple on the outer surface indicates 55 degree C. Assume, and then justify, that the sphere behaves as a lumped system object and calculate the heat transfer coefficient.
Answers
The heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over the sphere is 17.49 W/m²K.
The given problem requires the heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over a sphere to be determined by observing the temperature-time history of a sphere made of pure copper. In order to solve the problem, we must first assume that the sphere behaves as a lumped system object. This assumption is justified because the Biot number (Bi) for the system is less than 0.1.Bi = hL/k, where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, L is the characteristic length, and k is the thermal conductivity of the solid.
For a sphere, L = d/2, where d is the diameter of the sphere.
Using the given data, we can calculate the Bi number to be 0.0051, which is less than 0.1 and justifies the lumped system assumption.
The heat transfer rate from the sphere is given by Newton's Law of Cooling as q = hA(Ts - T∞), where A is the surface area of the sphere, Ts is the surface temperature of the sphere, and T∞ is the temperature of the air stream.
Since the sphere is a lumped system object, we can assume that Ts is equal to the average temperature of the sphere, which is (66 + 55)/2 = 60.5 °C.
We can also assume that T∞ is constant at 27 °C. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to get h = q/(A(Ts - T∞)).
Substituting the given values, we get h = 17.49 W/m²K.
Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over the sphere is 17.49 W/m²K.
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Consider the following Moore’s law growth pattern (since 1980) for the number of transistors inside a particular commercial microprocessor: N = 1920 x 10 0.1637(Y – 1980) where Y is the year and N is the number of transistors. Assuming sustained Moore’s law growth, what will be the number of transistors in a microprocessor in year 2025? Using the same expression, calculate how many years it will take for the transistor count to increase by 100x
Answers
Answer:
No. of transistors = \($4.1524 \times 10^{10}$\) transistors
Explanation:
Given that:
N = \($1920 \times 10^{0.163(Y-1980)}$\)
Y = 2025
N = \($1920 \times 10^{0.163(2025-1980)}$\)
N = \($4.1524 \times 10^{10}$\) transistors
Now at Y = 1980
Number of transistors N = 1920
Therefore,
\($1000 = 10^{0.163(Y-1980)}$\)
\($\log_{10} 1000=0.163(Y-1980)$\)
\($\frac{3}{0.163}=Y-1980$\)
18 ≅ 18.4 = Y - 1980
Y = 1980 + 18
= 1998
So, to increase multiples of 1000 transistors. it takes 18 years.
Engine oil (unused) flows at 1.81 x 10^-3 kg/s inside a 1-cm diameter tube that is heated electrically at a rate of 76 W/m. At a particular location where flow and heat transfer are fully developed, the wall temperature is 370K. Determine:
a. The oil mean temperature.
b. The centerline temperature.
c. The axial gradient of the mean temperature.
d. The heat transfer coefficient.
Answers
Answer:
(a)Tb = 330.12 K (b)Tc =304.73 K (c)19.81 K/m (d) h =60.65 W/m². K
Explanation:
Solution
Given that:
The mass flow rate of engine oil m = 1.81 x 10^-3 kg/s
Diameter of the tube, D = 1cm =0.01 m
Electrical heat rate, q =76 W/m
Wall Temperature, Ts = 370 K
Now,
From the properties table of engine oil we can deduce as follows:
thermal conductivity, k =0.139 W/m .K
Density, ρ = 854 kg/m³
Specific heat, cp = 2120 J/kg.K
(a) Thus
The wall heat flux is given as follows:
qs = q/πD
=76/π *0.01
= 2419.16 W/m²
Now
The oil mean temperature is given as follows:
Tb =Ts -11/24 (q.R/k) (R =D/2=0.01/2 = 0.005 m)
Tb =370 - 11/24 * (2419.16 * 0.005/0.139)
Tb = 330.12 K
(b) The center line temperature is given below:
Tc =Ts - 3/4 (qs.R/k)= 370 - 3/4 * ( 2419.16 * 0.005/0.139)
Tc =304.73 K
(c) The flow velocity is given as follows:
V = m/ρ (πR²)
Now,
The The axial gradient of the mean temperature is given below:
dTb/dx = 2 *qs/ρ *V*cp * R
=2 *qs/ρ*[m/ρ (πR²) *cp * R
=2 *qs/[m/(πR)*cp
dTb/dx = 2 * 2419.16/[1.81 x 10^-3/(π * 0.005)]* 2120
dTb/dx = 19.81 K/m
(d) The heat transfer coefficient is given below:
h =48/11 (k/D)
=48/11 (0.139/0.01)
h =60.65 W/m². K
technician a says that a wind roar is caused by a small leak when air exits the vehicle. technician b says that a wind whistle is caused by a large opening where air enters the vehicle. who is right?
Answers
Both technicians are incorrect with respect to their statements of wind roar and wind whistle. A wind roar is caused by a large opening, while a wind whistle is caused by a small leak.
A wind roar is a sound that results from the turbulent flow of air rushing past a large opening, like a window or door. It is characterized by a loud, rumbling sound that can be heard from a distance. The sound is created by the air being pushed through the opening at high speed, creating a turbulent flow. On the other hand, a wind whistle is caused by a small opening or leak. It is characterized by a high-pitched, whistling sound that can be heard when air rushes through a small gap or hole. The sound is created by the air being forced through the small opening, creating a high-velocity stream that causes the air to vibrate and produce the whistle. Therefore, technician A and technician B are both incorrect in their statements. Technician A's explanation of the wind roar is not accurate, as it is caused by a large opening, while technician B's explanation of the wind whistle is not accurate as it is caused by a small opening. Hence, both technicians are incorrect with respect to their statements of wind roar and wind whistle.
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How do you use the brakes in an airplane?
Answers
Answer:
When a pilot pushes the top of the right pedal, it activates the brakes on the right main wheel/wheels, and when the pilot pushes the top of the left rudder pedal, it activates the brake on the left main wheel/wheels. The brakes work in a rather simple way: they convert the kinetic energy of motion into heat energy.
1. a major reason for the projected shortage of trained craft professionals is
a. construction salaries are too low
b. technology has eliminated many construction careers
c. demand for construction projects is declining
d. the retirement of baby boomers
Answers
A major reason for the projected shortage of trained craft professionals is that: b. technology has eliminated many construction careers.
What is computing?Autonomic computing can be defined as a process which involves the use of both computer hardware and software to manage, analyze, and process, so as to complete a goal-oriented task.
Also, autonomic computing systems are self-managing and it is similar in operations with the autonomic nervous system in humans, and as such it can be used in construction projects and assembly lines for optimum automated production.
In conclusion, automation technology through robots, smart machines and computers has reduced the need for people in many jobs, including trained craft professionals.
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What signal propagation phenomena causes the diffusion, or the reflection in multiple different directions, of a signal?
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In the radio communication system, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that causes diffusion or reflection in multiple different directions of a signal.
Multipath is a propagation mechanism that impacts the propagation of signals in radio communication. Multipath results in the transmission of data to the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Diffusion and reflection are the causes that create multiple paths for the signal to be delivered.
Diffraction occurs when a signal bends around sharp corners; while reflection occurs when a signal impinges on a smooth object. When a signal is received through more than one path because of the diffraction or reflection, it creates phase shifting and interference of the signal.
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Assume 4 identical peptide chains assemble into a single
sheet.
a) Each peptide has 8 residues, and each residue can take on 3 conformations independently
when the peptide is free (before assembly). The assembled peptides have no conformational
degree of freedom (W=1).
b) 25 h-bonds are formed in the assembled structure, with each h-bond contributing Δ = -3.00
kJ/mol in stabilizing the assembly.
c) 30% of all residues are hydrophobic (HP) and each of the HP residue have 3 water molecules
in contact when the peptide is free. All these water molecules will be release into bulk upon
assembly and water configuration increases when they move from the HP residue to bulk
water (
= 4). We are ignoring the translational and rotational entropy change during
the assembly.
Please compute the standard state
,
,
and
of the assembly process.
The “Δ" means (assembly – free). Use T=300.0 K. Round the S (kJ/mol/K) to 3 decimal places. H
and G (kJ/mol) to 1 decimal place.
I think I got the enthalpy but I'm not sure on the entropies
Answers
Note that the standard state values are ΔG = -2.63 kJ/mol, ΔH = 75.0 kJ/mol, and ΔS = -0.215 J/mol/K.
What is the explanation for the above response?To calculate the standard state ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS of the assembly process, we need to use the following equations:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔS = ΔS_sys + ΔS_surr
ΔS_sys = R ln (W_f / W_i)
ΔS_surr = -ΔH / T
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol/K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, W_f and W_i are the final and initial states' probabilities, respectively.
a) The initial state has 4 peptides in free form with 3 conformations each. Thus, W_i = 3^32^4. The final state has a single sheet with W_f = 1. Therefore, ΔS_sys = R ln (1 / (3^32^4)) = -36.732 J/mol/K.
b) The enthalpy change ΔH is given as -25 h-bonds * (-3.00 kJ/mol/h-bond) = 75.0 kJ/mol.
c) For each of the 84=32 residues, there are 30% hydrophobic, which is 9.6 HP residues. Each HP residue has 3 water molecules, so there are 39.6=28.8 water molecules released. The water configuration increases by a factor of 4 when moving from HP residue to bulk water, so ΔS_sys = R ln (4^28.8) = 283.295 J/mol/K.
Using the values of ΔH and ΔS_sys, we can now calculate the standard state ΔG as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
= 75.0 kJ/mol - (300 K * 283.295 J/mol/K)
= -2.63 kJ/mol
Therefore, the standard state values are ΔG = -2.63 kJ/mol, ΔH = 75.0 kJ/mol, and ΔS = -0.215 J/mol/K.
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From which direction would a 20 mph wind exert the most force on a billboard
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The most force from a 20 mph wind would be exerted on a billboard from the front.
From which direction does a 20 mph wind exert the most force?When a 20 mph wind blows, the direction from which it comes determines the area of the billboard that experiences the greatest force. In this case, when the wind hits the front of the billboard directly, it creates a larger surface area for the wind to push against.
As a result, the wind exerts the most force on the billboard from the front, where it impacts the surface most directly. This force can cause the billboard to sway, vibrate or lead to structural damage if the wind speed increases significantly.
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The recommended type of internal floating roof is the:
A) Double Deck
B) Annular pontoon
C) Pan type
D) Single steel deck
Answers
The recommended type of internal floating roof is the Annular pontoon. Thus, the correct option is B.
Thus, An internal floating roof tank is a floating roof storage tank that has a permanent roof over it. This ensures the quality of the oil stored beneath the floating roof by protecting the tank from wind and rain.
What are the distinctions between internal and external floating roof tanks, despite the fact that both have many benefits. The floating roof storage tank, is more appropriate for our storage needs.
Here is a brief explanation of how to select an appropriate floating storage tank for your storage needs; we think it will provide our customers more clarity when making their decision.
Thus, The ideal option is B.
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Calculate the steady state flux of atomic hydrogen at 25°C through a steel vessel of wall thickness 4 mm given that the inside surface is kept saturated with hydrogen at a concentration of 4.5 moles/m3, the outside surface is exposed to the atmosphere. (The diffusivity of hydrogen in steel D0 = 0.1 mm2 s-1, Q = 13.5 kJ mol-1) A steady-state flux allows the application of Fick’s first law: J = -D(dC/dx)
If the vessel contains 20 moles of hydrogen, calculate the time taken to dissipate all of the hydrogen of that the vessel has a surface area of 3 m2.
Answers
Answer:
To calculate the steady state flux of atomic hydrogen through a steel vessel, we need to use Fick's first law, which states that the flux (J) is equal to the diffusivity (D) multiplied by the concentration gradient (dC/dx).
First, we need to calculate the concentration gradient by dividing the difference in hydrogen concentration between the inside and outside surfaces by the wall thickness of the vessel. The inside surface is kept saturated with hydrogen at a concentration of 4.5 moles/m3, and the outside surface is exposed to the atmosphere, which has a hydrogen concentration of 0 moles/m3. Therefore, the concentration gradient is (4.5 - 0) moles/m3 / (4 mm) = 1.125 moles/m3 mm.
Next, we need to substitute this value into Fick's first law along with the diffusivity of hydrogen in steel, which is given as 0.1 mm2/s. This gives us the steady state flux as J = (-0.1 mm2/s) * (1.125 moles/m3 mm) = -0.01125 moles/s mm2.
Finally, we need to convert the units of the flux from moles/s mm2 to moles/s m2. To do this, we can multiply the flux by 1,000 to convert the units of millimeters to meters, giving us a final steady state flux of -0.01125 moles/s mm2 * 1,000 = -1.125 moles/s m2.
IF THE VESSEL CONTAINS 20 MOLES OF HYDROGEN, CALCULATE THE TIME TAKEN TO DISSIPATE ALL OF THE HYDROGEN OF THAT THE VESSEL HAS A SURFACE AREA OF 3 M2.
To solve this problem, we need to first calculate the flux of atomic hydrogen through the vessel using Fick's first law:
J = -D(dC/dx)
where J is the flux, D is the diffusivity of hydrogen in steel, and dC/dx is the concentration gradient.
Given that the diffusivity of hydrogen in steel is 0.1 mm2/s, the inside concentration is 4.5 moles/m3, and the outside concentration is 0, the concentration gradient is 4.5 moles/m3.
Plugging these values into the equation above, we get:
J = -0.1 mm2/s * 4.5 moles/m3 = -0.45 moles/s-m2
Next, we need to calculate the time it takes to dissipate all 20 moles of hydrogen from the vessel. We can do this by dividing the total number of moles of hydrogen by the flux:
t = 20 moles / (-0.45 moles/s-m2) = 44.44 s
So it would take approximately 44.44 seconds to dissipate all of the hydrogen from the vessel.
Explanation:
SELF EXPLANATORY
The time taken is 44.44 seconds to dissipate all of the hydrogens from the vessel.
How to calculate the time?To solve this problem, we need to first calculate the flux of atomic hydrogen through the vessel using Fick's first law:
J = -D(dC/dx)
where J is the flux, D is the diffusivity of hydrogen in steel, and dC/dx is the concentration gradient.
Given that the diffusivity of hydrogen in steel is 0.1 mm²/s, the inside concentration is 4.5 moles/m³ and the outside concentration is 0, the concentration gradient is 4.5 moles/m³.
Plugging these values into the equation above, we get:
J = -0.1 mm²/s * 4.5 moles/m³ = -0.45 moles/s-m²
Next, we need to calculate the time it takes to dissipate all 20 moles of hydrogen from the vessel. We can do this by dividing the total number of moles of hydrogen by the flux:
t = 20 moles / (-0.45 moles/s-m2) = 44.44 s
So it would take approximately 44.44 seconds to dissipate all of the hydrogen from the vessel.
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