choose the correct anwser

its multiple

When comparing the nervous system to the endocrine system, option b. The endocrine system has more widespread and long-lasting effects applied to the endocrine system.

The endocrine system of the human body is a series of organs and structures that secrete chemical messengers called hormones, which can act on distant organs and long periods.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the endocrine system of the human body is capable of acting on organs located at different parts f the body.

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Based on value of change in shoot biomass, the study reveals that late plants benefited most from the introduction of soil invertebrates whole the early plants were worst affected.

Ecology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their non-living environment.

From the observation of the study conducted:

Therefore, it can be concluded from the study that late plants benefited most from the introduction of soil invertebrates whole the early plants were worst affected.

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Explanation:

I'm sorry but I can't see it

Some bacteria evade the complement system by means of their D. capsule.

The complement system is an important part of the immune system that helps to identify and eliminate pathogens, including bacteria. However, certain bacteria have developed strategies to evade or resist the complement system's attack. One such mechanism is the presence of a capsule, which is a protective layer surrounding the bacterial cell.

The capsule acts as a physical barrier and can interfere with the recognition and binding of complement proteins to the bacterial surface. By evading complement activation and opsonization, bacteria with capsules can avoid phagocytosis and destruction by immune cells. The capsule's composition and structure can vary among different bacterial species, providing them with an advantage in resisting the immune response and establishing infections.

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The effect of the ocean the water current in the experiment is heated from the bottom while the ocean is heated from the top. The correct option is c.

Solar heating refers to the process of using sunshine to warm water or indoor air. Solar heating comes in two flavors: passive and active.

Active solar heating systems transmit the heated fluid—either liquid or air—directly to the interior area or to a storage system for later use. An auxiliary or backup system delivers the extra heat if the solar system is unable to offer sufficient space heating.

Therefore, the correct option is c.

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Answer:

To form a wide range of compounds with other elements

Explanation:

The ability of carbon to gain four more electrons allows this chemical specie to form a wide range of compounds.

When carbon gains four electrons, it becomes isoelectronic with neon and then becomes a stable compound or molecule as it combines with other atoms.

This leads to the proliferation of carbon compounds that we find in nature. Carbon can easily for covalent compounds with other compounds also.

Answer: 70%  

Explanation:

The structures that are most important in determining evolutionary relationships between organisms-analogous, homologous or vestigial from most to least important with the most important at the top will be:

Analogous traits lack the shared evolutionary history of homologous traits, which allowed them to arise. Because they show evidence of evolutionary relationships, homologous structures are more significant to evolutionary biologists than analogous structures.

The retention of genetically determined traits or structures that no longer serve their original purpose in a given species is known as vestigiality.

In conclusion, the ranking is illustrated above.

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The given reaction will occur in the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored. The correct answer will be B.

The fact that the reaction malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol means that the reaction is not thermodynamically favorable under standard conditions.

However, in muscle cells, the reaction proceeds from left to right, i.e., malate is converted to oxaloacetate. This is possible because in the cell, the reaction is kinetically favored, even though it is thermodynamically unfavored.

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and can lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making it more favorable.

In this case, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction from malate to oxaloacetate is more effective in the forward direction.

Additionally, the concentrations of the reactants and products in the cell are not at equilibrium, which also drives the reaction forward.

The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction from malate to oxaloacetate is more effective in the forward direction, and the concentrations of reactants and products are not at equilibrium.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer. In the cell, the reaction is kinetically favored, even though it is thermodynamically unfavored.

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Question

Consider the following reaction which has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol. malate + NAD+ —> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ In muscle cells, the reaction proceeds as written, i.e., from left to right. How can this occur?

a. It is thermodynamically favored under standard conditions.

b. In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored.

c. The concentration of malate must be higher than oxaloacetate for this reaction to occur in the cell.

d. The enzyme can only catalyze the reaction in that direction

b. In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it’s thermodynamically unfavored. The direction of a reaction in a cell is not solely determined by the free energy change (∆G), but also by other factors such as enzyme activity and concentration of reactants and products.

In this case, the reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable under standard conditions (∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol), but in the cell, it is kinetically favored due to the presence of enzymes that can catalyze the reaction in the forward direction. Additionally, the concentration of reactants and products can also be regulated in the cell to favor the forward reaction.

The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of a reaction is an important factor in determining whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously under standard conditions. A positive value of ∆G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically unfavored, while a negative value of ∆G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favored.

However, it is important to note that under cellular conditions, other factors such as enzyme activity, substrate and product concentrations, and cellular energy levels can also influence the direction of a reaction, even if it is thermodynamically unfavored. In the case of the malate + NAD+ -> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ reaction, the ∆G˚' value of +30 kJ/mol suggests that it is thermodynamically unfavored under standard conditions.

However, in muscle cells, the reaction proceeds from left to right, indicating that it is occurring despite being thermodynamically unfavored. This suggests that other factors, such as enzyme activity or substrate and product concentrations, are driving the reaction in that direction.

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Spliceosomes are multimegadalton RNA–protein complexes responsible for the faithful removal of noncoding segments (introns) from pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs), a process critical for the maturation of eukaryotic mRNAs for subsequent translation by the ribosome.

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Answer:

i think air pollution

Explanation:

of course the other two pollutions are harmful but with air pollution the harmful chemicals are going straight into your respiratory system. this is why people in asia wear masks, there’s so many harmful chemicals in the air from the factories.

Explanation:

Cells relying on lactic acid fermentation need to consume more glucose to get the same amount of energy as cells using aerobic respiration. Fermentation also expends the energy stored by reduction of NADH on reduction of pyruvate, which is not useful to your cells

Answer:

Container farms are shipping containers as shell and insulated according to climate conditions. Used or new shipping containers are both can be used as outer shell but shipping containers strength is important for long lasting. The shipping containers are used for these container farms because they are compact, available to transfer everywhere in the world, they are solid and can be customized as a plug and grow machine.

Explanation:

not sure tho

A simple tissue is defined as a group of cells with similar structures that work together to achieve a common function. A simple tissue comprises cells of the same type that serve the same function in an organism.

A simple tissue is also known as a homogenous tissue. A simple tissue has only one type of cell. The cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles of cells in the same simple tissue are typically identical. Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the three types of simple tissues found in plants. Parenchyma cells, for example, are specialized for photosynthesis, respiration, and food and water storage.

Collenchyma cells, on the other hand, provide structural support to plants, while sclerenchyma cells provide the greatest level of structural support and are responsible for the mechanical strength of tissues. Simple tissues are also found in animals, where they are responsible for many important functions, including protection, insulation, and gas exchange, among others.

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All of the aforementioned secretions are required for the breakdown of food into nutrients: the small intestine, liver, pancreas, salivary glands, and stomach.

Gastric juice is produced by the stomach and contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food. In order to assist in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and fats, the pancreas and liver secrete digestive enzymes and bile into the small intestine, respectively. The enzyme amylase is present in saliva, which is produced by the salivary glands, to initiate the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. Digestive enzymes are also produced by the small intestine to degrade the food's remaining nutrients.

As a result, multiple organs and glands must cooperate in order for food to be broken down into nutrients.

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The number of colony-forming units/ ml of the original culture in the given bacterial culture was 5.2 × 10¹¹ CFU/mL of the original culture.

The following steps are to be followed according to the question:

-Ten grams of hamburger were added to 90 ml of sterile buffer.

-This was mixed well in a blender.

-One-tenth of a ml of this slurry was added to 9.9 ml of sterile buffer.

-After thorough mixing, this suspension was further diluted by successive 1/100 and 1/10 dilutions.

-One-tenth of a ml of this final dilution was plated onto Plate Count Agar.

-After incubation, 52 colonies were present.

-To determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the original 10-gram sample of hamburger,

   Following formula will be used:

              N = (n × F)/V

where,

    N is the number of CFU per mL of the original culture.

    n is the number of colonies on the plate.

    F is the reciprocal of the dilution used.

    V is the volume of the culture that was plated in mL.

For the first dilution of the sample,

       V = 0.1 mL,

        F = 10,

so, N1 = (52 × 10)/0.1

= 52 × 100 = 5200 CFU/mL.

Each 1/10 dilution reduced the CFU by a factor of 10

and three 1/10 dilutions were made.

Therefore,

the total dilution factor is 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000.

For this final dilution of the sample,

   V = 0.1 mL

   F = 1000

so, N2 = (1 × 1000)/0.1

= 10000 CFU/mL.

     The total number of CFUs in the original 10-gram sample = N2 x the total volume of the culture

which is,

       0.1 mL × 1000 = 100 mL.

Thus,

       1 × 10^4 CFU/mL × 100 mL

    = 1 × 10^6 CFU in the original 10-gram sample.

Therefore, the number of colony-forming units/ ml of the original culture in the given bacterial culture was 5.2 × 10¹¹ CFU/mL of the original culture.

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DIF - challenging REF: 11.4, OBJ: 11.4.c. In liver and muscle cells, the state net output of ATP per glucose. In contrast, one FADH2 molecule generates two ATP molecules. Hence (d) is the correct option.

MSC: Submitting. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's energy currency, is created when the TCA cycle breaks down acetate, which is sourced from carbs, proteins, and fats. Glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation work together to produce 30-38 ATP molecules from the oxidation of one glucose molecule. The subsequent transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen is followed by the oxidative phosphorylation of an additional 32–34 ATP molecules.Three ATP molecules are created by one NADH molecule.

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How many ATPs are obtained from one acetyl-CoA run once through the TCA cycle, assuming that all resulting NADH and FADH2 is used by the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP?

a. 6.5

b. 9

c. 10

d. 11

Answer:

North American Countries

In North America, the nations of the United States and Canada own land areas in the Arctic. The only U.S. state containing land within the Arctic Circle is Alaska. In contrast, Canada’s polar regions are quite vast, encompassing about two-fifths of its entire land mass and two-thirds of its total maritime coastline. The historic residents of North America’s polar zones are the Inuits, who have made their livelihoods hunting and fishing in the harsh climate for more than 9,000 years, though many modernly work in oil fields and support villages.

European Countries

The exclusively European nations possessing land north of the Arctic Circle are Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Denmark. Although Denmark proper doesn’t lie within the polar zone, its largest self-governing overseas administrative division -- Greenland -- does. In addition to a portion of the Norwegian mainland, Norway’s Arctic territories also include the islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Vikings hailing from Norway were the European polar region’s first explorers, establishing a permanent settlement on Iceland in the ninth century and a long-lived settlement in Greenland in the 10th century.

Explanation:

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Answer:

2.3g

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

This leads to unnecessary replication and out-of-control cell and tissue growth

Answer:

However, plants are also able to reproduce asexually

Explanation:

Answer:

Water has a very high specific heat capacity. This is because energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds. water resists temperature changes, providing a more stable environment within cells and for aquatic organisms.

Explanation:

try ancient sciences from Greece and how it compares to modern science

Answer: Exponential population growth: When resources are unlimited, populations exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-shaped curve. When resources are limited, populations exhibit logistic growth. In logistic growth, population expansion decreases as resources become scarce.

Explanation:

During the study of genetics and inheritance, it is important to observe the sexual cycle of fungi to determine the genetic variations within the offspring. In the 1920s, T. H. Morgan and his colleagues used fungal genetics to test the hypothesis of the existence of recombination. For instance, they observed the sexual cycle of the common bread mold, Neurospora crassa, to investigate how crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

As a result of their investigation, Morgan and his colleagues discovered that, during meiosis, four haploid ascospores are produced within a specialized sac called an ascus. These ascospores are produced when two nuclei from two different hyphae (cells) combine and fuse together.

This fusion creates a cell with two haploid nuclei, which subsequently undergoes meiosis to create four haploid ascospores. Hence, an ascus will contain four haploid ascospores produced by a single diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid cells.

The percentage of asci observed that resulted from the fusion of cells from different strains is 100%. This is because the fusion of haploid cells from different strains is essential for the production of a diploid cell that will then undergo meiosis to form four haploid ascospores.

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Two closely related palm trees on Lord Howe Island in the South Pacific was the example from sympatric speciation. The two species are Kentia or thatch palm and calm palm.

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