Francium (Fr) has the lowest ionization energy in Group 1 because -

it has the greatest number of protons, so it attracts its electrons the strongest


it has the smallest number of valence electrons in its outermost shell


its 1 valence electron is very far from the nucleus, so little energy is needed to remove it


it has the greatest atomic mass

Answer: physical

Explanation: freezing and melting are physical changes.

An example of a physical change is ice melting. Gasoline burning, potassium chlorate decomposing, and iron rusting, on the other hand, are examples of chemical changes.

Physical changes involve alterations in the physical properties of a substance without any change in its chemical composition, while chemical changes involve the formation of new substances with different chemical properties.

Ice melting is a physical change because it involves a phase transition from solid to liquid without any change in the chemical composition of the water molecules. The water molecules remain the same, but their arrangement changes as the temperature increases and the solid ice converts into liquid water.

Gasoline burning, potassium chlorate decomposing, and iron rusting, on the other hand, are chemical changes. Gasoline burning is a combustion reaction where gasoline reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and release energy.

Potassium chlorate decomposing involves the breaking down of potassium chlorate into potassium chloride and oxygen gas through a chemical reaction. Iron rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture in the air, resulting in the formation of iron oxide (rust).

In all these examples, new substances are formed with different chemical properties compared to the original substances. These chemical changes involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the formation of new compounds or substances.

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Answer:

1.65 g

Explanation:

is not the right answer

The compound that acts as an antacid in small doses but as a laxative in larger doses is Mg(OH)₂ (Option C).

Most antacids contain magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and/or aluminum hydroxide. Some antacids contain calcium carbonate. Sodium bicarbonate in the form of baking soda is used also as an antacid. A few commercial antacids contain sodium bicarbonate. The duration of action of sodium bicarbonate is less than that of many antacids because sodium bicarbonate reacts rapidly with hydrochloric acid and the mixture empties quickly from the stomach.

Magnesium-containing antacids have a laxative effect. Chronic consumption of high doses of antacids can cause alterations in mineral metabolism.

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Both a hydrogen atom and a lone pair of electrons are present in an amphoteric chemical, which allows it to function as either an acid or a base. A hydrogen atom is an atom belonging to the element hydrogen

One positively charged proton and one negatively charged electron are both present in the electrically neutral atom and are held to the nucleus by the Coulomb force. Seventy-five percent of the universe's baryonic mass is made up of atomic hydrogen. The elementary electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles.

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Of the following correctly predicts the most likely mode of radioactive decay for the nuclide \(As^{33}_{84}\)

The nuclide \(As^{33}_{84}\) has an atomic number of 33, indicating that it is arsenic. To predict the most likely mode of radioactive decay for \(As^{33}_{84}\), we need to consider its position on the periodic table and the stability of its nucleus

\(As^{33}_{84}\) falls into the category of a stable nuclide since it has a stable atomic number. Stable nuclides do not undergo radioactive decay. Therefore, it is unlikely that \(As^{33}_{84}\) would undergo spontaneous radioactive decay through alpha decay (emitting an alpha particle), beta decay (emitting a beta particle), or gamma decay (emitting gamma radiation). Nuclides that are unstable and undergo radioactive decay typically have atomic numbers higher than the stable region of the periodic table or have an imbalance of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. However, as \(As^{33}_{84}\) is a stable nuclide, it is not expected to undergo any form of radioactive decay. Hence, the most likely mode of radioactive decay for the nuclie \(As^{33}_{84}\) is no decay at all since it is a stable nuclide.

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Yes, you would need diene and dienophile to prepare 1-methyl-4-propylcyclohexane.

Here's how it can be done:

A diene is an organic molecule that contains two carbon-carbon double bonds that are separated by one single bond, while a dienophile is an organic molecule that reacts with a diene to form a cycloaddition reaction.

A Diels-Alder reaction is a cycloaddition reaction that involves a diene and a dienophile. The reaction occurs in a concerted fashion, meaning that it takes place in one step.

To prepare 1-methyl-4-propylcyclohexane, the following steps should be taken:

Step 1 : First, prepare the diene 1-methylcyclohex-1,3-diene is the diene used in this reaction. It can be synthesized from 1-methylcyclohexene via a bromination and dehydrobromination process.

Step 2: Synthesize the dienophile

The dienophile is typically synthesized from an unsaturated ketone or aldehyde. The dienophile used in this reaction is 2-methylbut-2-enal. This dienophile can be synthesized from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butene with ozone followed by oxidative work-up.

Step 3: The Diels-Alder reaction 1-methylcyclohex-1,3-diene and 2-methylbut-2-enal can be combined to form the desired product, 1-methyl-4-propylcyclohexane, through the Diels-Alder reaction.

This is accomplished by heating the diene and dienophile in an appropriate solvent, such as dichloromethane or cyclohexane, in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminium chloride.

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Answer:

I mean i dont know......

Explanation:

When a nitrile is treated with LiAIH4, followed by water, an amine is obtained.

A nitrile is a functional group that consists of a carbon triple bond to a nitrogen atom (-C≡N), which can be converted to an amine group (-NH2) via reduction using a strong reducing agent, lithium aluminum hydride (LiAIH4), and subsequent hydrolysis with water. The reaction is shown below:

RC≡N + 4[H] ⟶ RCH2NH2

When a nitrile is reduced with LiAIH4, it produces the corresponding imine, which is then hydrolyzed with water to form the corresponding primary amine. The mechanism of the reaction involves the transfer of a hydride ion (H-) from LiAIH4 to the nitrile carbon, followed by the addition of a water molecule to the imine carbon, and finally protonation of the intermediate to give the corresponding primary amine.

Therefore, the correct option is An amine is obtained when a nitrile is treated with LiAIH4, followed by water.

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Answer: The are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transmit energy through matter or across space. Some electromagnetic waves are generally harmless. Like other waves, electromagnetic waves have properties of speed, wavelength, and frequency.

Explanation:

A first-order reaction refers to a reaction in which the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power and is expressed as it would take approximately 46.4 minutes for the 80% completion of this first-order reaction to occur. 46.4 minutes.

Rate = k[A]

In this equation, k is the reaction rate constant, and [A] represents the concentration of reactant A.

The half-life of a reaction of the first order completes in 10 minutes. We need to find out how much time will be needed for the 80% completion of this reaction.

To solve for the time needed for 80% completion of a reaction of the first order, we need to use the formula:

Time for 80% completion = 2.303/k x log ([A]₀/[A]t)

where k is the reaction rate constant, [A]₀ is the initial concentration of the reactant and [A]t is the concentration of the reactant after the given time t, and 2.303 is a conversion factor.

Let [A]₀ = 1 and [A]t = 0.2 (since 80% completion means 20% of the original concentration remains)

We know that, t1/2 = 10 min;

therefore, k = 0.693/t1/2

= 0.693/10

= 0.0693 (as 0.693 = ln2)Now,

Time for 80% completion

= 2.303/k x log ([A]₀/[A]t)

= 2.303/0.0693 x log(1/0.2)

= 46.4 minutes

Therefore, it would take approximately 46.4 minutes for the 80% completion of this first-order reaction to occur. 46.4 minutes.

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Redox reactions involve the transfer of one or more electrons from one molecule to another. When an atom or molecule loses electrons, the process is called oxidation and when an atom or molecule gains electrons, the process is called reduction.

The Law of Thermodynamics states that energy is always produced during energy conversions. The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. Therefore, in any energy conversion, the total amount of energy before and after the conversion remains the same.

The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion. This cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and produce energy in the form of ATP.

Recent findings indicate that beet juice contains inorganic nitrate, which may improve athletic performance during exercise. Inorganic nitrate can be converted into nitric oxide in the body, which can improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, potentially enhancing exercise performance.

Chlorophyll absorbs energy and begins the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants and algae. It absorbs light energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.

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Answer:

Na has atomic number 11

which is less than magnesium has atomic number 12

ANSWER IS D

Explanation:

aluminum or Al is atomic 13 and Ca or calcium is atomic number 20 and rubidium or Rb is atomic number 37

A reaction between liquid reactants takes place at a sealed, evacuated vessel with a measured volume of 10 L. Measurements show that the reaction produced 20 L of carbon dioxide gas.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is produced in a chemical reaction between two liquid reactants in a sealed, evacuated vessel with a measured volume of 10 L. The reaction is exothermic, indicating that it releases heat, as well as producing CO2. In the reaction, the carbon dioxide gas is formed by the combination of carbon and oxygen atoms in the reactants.

As a result, the number of moles of CO2 gas produced is directly proportional to the amount of liquid reactants present. The quantity of CO2 gas produced can also be calculated by using the gas laws and the measured volume of the gas.The Ideal Gas Law states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature. In this case, the volume of the gas produced is 20 L, and the pressure is unknown. If we assume that the temperature is constant, we can use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the number of moles of CO2 gas produced.

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Answer:

640 grams

Explanation:

look up Solubility table in wikipedia for potassium nitrate (KNO3)

32 grams of potassium nitrate (KNO3) water solubility at 20 degrees celsius (room temperature) can be dissolved in 100 milliliters (0.1 L) of water.

2 liters = 2000 milliliters

32 grams / 100 milliliters = x grams / 2000 milliliters

cross-multiply

100 * x = 32 * 2000

x = (32 * 2000) / 100

x ≈ 640 grams

chatgpt

78.10% is the yield as a percentage.

4NH3 + 5O2 = 4NO + 6H2O.

With the reaction now appropriately balanced, we can see that NH3 and NO have a molar ratio of 4:4, meaning that the same amount of moles of NH3 will also be the same number of moles of NO.

We have

15.8 g of NH3, molar mass = 17 g/mol

The number of moles we have is as follows:

17.03g = 1 mol

Since 15.8g = x moles and x = 0.93 moles of NH3, the amount of NO created will also be 0.93 moles, but we must first determine how much mass it represents. To achieve this, we will utilize the molar mass of NO. 30.01g/mol

In 0.93 moles of NO, 30.01g = 1 mol x grams equals 27.91 grams.

The conceivable weight is 27.91g.

The theoretical yield is 27.91g.

The actual yield is 21.8g.

Using the following formula, we can determine the percent yield:

%yield is actual yield minus theoretical yield

yield = 0.781 when %yield = 21.8/27.91%yield

There is a 78.10% yield.

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The additional volume of HCl which must be added to reach to the equivalence point is 8.33 mL

The moles of HCl which is required to reach the equivalence point can be calculated in the way as follows.

Moles of HCl can be calculated as

Moles of HCl = 0.004 moles of Ca (OH) 2 × 2 moles of HCl / 1 moles of Ca (OH) 2

= 0.008 moles of HCl

The volume of HCl which is required to reach the equivalence point can be calculated in the way given as follows.

Volume of HCl required= 0.008 moles of HCl × 1 L / 0.24 moles of HCl × 1 ml / 10 -³ L

= 33.33 ml

The additional volume of HCl calculated as

Additional volume = required volume – actual volume

= 33.33 mL – 25 mL

= 8 . 33 mL

Thus, we calculated that the additional volume of HCl which must be added to reach to the equivalence point is 8.33 mL.

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Answer:

The solid has broken down into pieces so small that its particles spread all throughout the new mixture.

The question requires us to calculate the volume of hydrogen gas in a balloon, given the number of moles of hydrogen, temperature and pressure in the balloon.

We can collect the following information from the question:

number of moles of H2 = n = 0.24 mol

temperature = T = 35°C

pressure = P = 1.05 atm

Since we need to calculate the volume of a gas and the temperature and pressure given are not the under the STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we'll need to apply the Ideal Gas Law equation:

Rearranging the equation above to find volume (V), we have:

where n is the number of moles of hydrogen gas, T and P are the temperature and pressure given, and R is a the constant of gases (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

Note that we need to use the units following the constant of gases - L for volume, atm for pressure, mol for number of moles and K for temperature. Thus, we need to convert the temperature given (35°C) into Kelvin degrees:

T = 35 + 273.15 = 308.15 K

Now that we have all required variables to calculate the volume, we replace them in the equation:

Therefore, the volume of hydrogen in the ballon, under the given temperature and pressure, is 5.78 L.

As the question requires the answer expressed with two signifcant figures, we can write that the volume of hydrogen is 5.8 L.

the volume of hydrogen is 5.8 L

Answer:

Explanation:

Silver nitrate grams to moles

1 grams Silver Nitrate is equal to 0.0058867472248402 mole

The compounds ranked based on their relative Bronsted acidities from strongest to weakest are as follows:

1. H-I (Hydrogen iodide)

2. H-CH3 (Methyl radical)

3. H-OH (Hydroxide ion)

4. H-NH2 (Ammonia)

5. H-F (Hydrogen fluoride)

Bronsted acidities can be determined by analyzing the stability of the corresponding conjugate bases. A stronger acid will have a more stable conjugate base. Here is the explanation for the ranking:

1. H-I: Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a strong acid because iodide ion (I-) is a stable conjugate base. Iodide ion is large and can effectively disperse negative charge, leading to stability.

2. H-CH3: Methyl radical (CH3) is weaker than HI but stronger than the remaining compounds. It is a stable radical and has resonance structures that stabilize its conjugate base.

3. H-OH: Hydroxide ion (OH-) is less acidic than HI and CH3. It forms a stable conjugate base, but it is not as stable as iodide ion or the methyl radical.

4. H-NH2: Ammonia (NH3) is weaker than the previous compounds. The lone pair on the nitrogen atom can be donated to accept a proton, making NH2- a relatively unstable conjugate base.

5. H-F: Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is the weakest acid among the given compounds. The fluoride ion (F-) is a relatively strong base, and its conjugate acid, HF, is a weaker acid compared to the others.

The ranking of the given compounds based on their relative Bronsted acidities, from strongest to weakest, is H-I, H-CH3, H-OH, H-NH2, and H-F. This ranking is determined by analyzing the stability of their respective conjugate bases, with stronger acids having more stable conjugate bases.

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It will take 17.4 minutes to produce 125.0 L of H2 at 1.0 atm and 273 K using an electrolytic cell with 213.0 mA of current.

An electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy to induce a chemical reaction. It is composed of two electrodes, usually made of inert materials such as carbon or platinum, and an electrolyte solution. When a voltage is applied across the two electrodes, it causes a reaction to take place. The reaction is usually the transfer of ions from one electrode to the other, resulting in a separation of the two electrodes.

The volume of gas produced is directly proportional to the amount of current passed through the cell. Therefore, to determine the amount of time it will take to produce 125.0 L of H2 at 1.0 atm and 273 K, we can use the following equation:

Time = (Volume of H2 * Pressure * Temperature) / (Current * Gas Constant * Faraday's Constant)

Plugging in the given values, we get: Time\(= (125.0 L * 1.0 atm * 273 K) / (213.0 mA * 8.314 J / (mol*K) * 96485 C/mol)= 1044.6 s = 17.4 min\)

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1) Convert grams to moles

the molar mass of C2F4 is 100.0150 g/mol

2) Convert moles of C2F4 to moles of F

F to C2F4 ratio

4 atoms of F: 1 molecule of C2F4

3) Convert moles of F to atom units of F

Avogadro's number is 6.022*10^23

There are 1.291*10^23 atoms of Fluorine in 5.36 g of C2F4.

Answer:

The answer is C. Kinetic Energy is converted to electrical energy

Explanation:

Just took the test

Electric energy is converted to kinetic energy is the mistake that Jaden made in this scenario.

This is defined as the capacity and ability to do work and examples include kinetic, electrical etc.

The kinetic energy through the movement of water by the wind is what powers the turbine to become an electric energy and not electrical energy being converted to kinetic energy.

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With the formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic chemical.

Thus, Ammonia, the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride, is a colourless gas with a strong, pungent odour. It contributes considerably to the nutritional demands of terrestrial creatures by serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers.

Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, especially among aquatic animals.

The production of fertilizers in a variety of shapes and compositions, including urea and diammonium phosphate, uses about 70% of ammonia.

Thus, With the formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic chemical.

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Answer:

As the axial tilt increases, then the seasonal contrast increases so that winters are colder and summers are warmer in both hemispheres. The northern hemisphere is tipped away from the Sun, producing short days and a low sun angle. What kind of effect does the earth's tilt and subsequent seasons have on our length of daylight (defined as sunrise to sunset). Over the equator, the answer is not much.

As for #5, it's mixed at the end of my answer, but just remember the spring equinox marks the change from 24 hours of darkness to 24 hours of daylight at Earth's poles .

The number of the molecules of water is 1.8 g is  6.02 * 10^22 molecules.

We can be able to obtain the molecules from the Avogadro's number. We know that the number of the molecules that we find in the compound can be gotten by the use of the proposition that was put forward by Avogadro.

Number of moles of the water = 1.8g/18 g/mol = 0.1 moles

We know that;

1 mole of water contains 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of water

0.1 moles of water would contain 0.1 mole * 6.02 * 10^23 molecules/ 1 mole

= 6.02 * 10^22 molecules

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Water can exist in all three states of matter, solid, liquid, and gas, under certain conditions. The conditions under which it is possible for water to exist in all three states on Earth are explained below 1. Temperature: the temperature at which water exists can cause it to exist in different states.

For instance, water will exist in a solid state if the temperature is below its freezing point of 0°C (32°F). Water will exist in a liquid state if the temperature is above its freezing point but below its boiling point. Water will exist in the gas state if the temperature is above its boiling point of 100°C (212°F).

2. Pressure: Water will exist in different states depending on the pressure exerted on it. For instance, if the pressure is lowered, water can boil at a lower temperature, thereby resulting in the formation of water vapor. Conversely, if the pressure is increased, the boiling point of water increases, causing it to exist in a liquid state.

3. Altitude: The altitude at which water exists also affects its state. For instance, at high altitudes, the air pressure is lower, and the boiling point of water decreases. It implies that the water will boil at lower temperatures, causing it to evaporate and exist in a gaseous state.

Thus, in summary, the conditions under which water can exist in all three states on Earth are the temperature, pressure, and altitude at which it exists.

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