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meiotic cell division. during the normal meiotic division of a diploid cell, the change in chromosome number that occurs is represented by. 2n-n. in a species of corn, the diploid number of chromosomes is 20.

Each egg and sperm cell has only 23 chromosomes. That's half the number of chromosomes as normal cells. Fertilization occurs when egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, a cell containing 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). One homologous chromosome originated from each parent for each chromosomal pair.

Meiosis, the second type of cell division, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation. It is a two-step procedure that decreases the number of chromosomes by half—from 46 to 23—in order to generate sperm and egg cells.

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Answer:

Stomach

Explanation:

The disorder that the addition of agoraphobia can be attached to is Panic Disorder. Here option D is the correct answer.

Panic disorder is a form of anxiety disorder. It is characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks are abrupt episodes of extreme fear and bodily symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, shortness of breath, and sweating that can last for several minutes.

Panic disorder can also involve agoraphobia in some cases. Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder in which individuals have an irrational fear of being in places or circumstances where they might have difficulty escaping or getting help if they experience a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.

Panic disorder is frequently accompanied by agoraphobia, which is the anxiety of being in public places or situations where escape might be challenging if a panic attack occurs. Therefore option D is the correct answer.

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If a scientist isolates genes for Hepatitus B antigens from a Hepatitus virus, then inserts them into a bacterial plasmid and replicates the bacteria in a fermenter, the product collected will be transgenic bacterial plasmids, inside the bacteria, in order to proove if the transgenic plasmid actually gives the bacteria resistance to the virus, it has to be grown in an infected medium.

The correct answer is option A.

Answer:

Some reactions produce sulfur: hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis: 18H2S + 6CO2 + 3O2 → C6H12O6 (carbohydrate) + 12H2O + 18S. Instead of releasing oxygen gas while fixing carbon dioxide as in photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis produces solid globules of sulfur in the process.

Explanation:

The chemosynthesis word equation is:

Carbon dioxide + Water + Inorganic compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia) → Organic compounds + Oxygen

Chemosynthesis is a process that certain organisms use to create organic chemicals using the energy released during the oxidation of inorganic substances. These species are usually bacteria or archaea.

Chemosynthesis, in contrast to photosynthesis, uses chemical energy produced by oxidizing molecules like hydrogen sulfide or ammonia as its energy source.

Oxygen is produced as a byproduct while carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic substances are transformed into organic substances (like sugars).

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Bacillus anthracis uses protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor, capsule, and immune suppression as virulence factors to evade host defenses and establish infection.

The virulence factors that Bacillus anthracis uses to avoid host defenses are as follows:

1. Capsule: Bacillus anthracis produces a capsule made up of a protein called poly-D-glutamic acid. This capsule helps the bacterium evade recognition and destruction by the immune system. It prevents phagocytosis, which is the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy foreign pathogens.

2. Anthrax Toxin: Bacillus anthracis produces a potent toxin called anthrax toxin, which consists of three components: protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). PA binds to specific receptors on host cells and facilitates the entry of EF and LF into the cells. EF increases the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within the host cells, leading to edema formation. LF disrupts signaling pathways within host cells, impairing the immune response.

3. Immune Evasion Proteins: Bacillus anthracis produces several proteins that interfere with the host immune response. For example, it secretes a protein called lethal toxin inhibitory factor (LTIF), which can bind to and neutralize lethal toxin. This helps the bacterium survive and replicate within the host.

4. Biofilm Formation: Bacillus anthracis can form biofilms, which are communities of bacteria embedded in a protective matrix. Biofilms provide protection against immune cells and antibiotics, allowing the bacteria to persist and cause chronic infections.

These virulence factors collectively contribute to the ability of Bacillus anthracis to evade host defenses and cause severe disease. By understanding how these factors work, scientists can develop strategies to target them and enhance the host immune response against the bacterium.

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He made the discovery of the simultaneous descent of objects of various masses in the motion of uniformly accelerated objects. Galileo announced his first scientific discovery of the telescope on August 21, 1609, to the world's awe.

The study of the Earth's structure, characteristics, processes, and 4.5 billion years of biotic development is known as earth science. Maintaining life on the earth requires an understanding of these phenomena.

The study of the earth's atmosphere (meteorology or atmospheric science), the water flowing on and beneath the surface of continents (hydrology), and the planet's seas and oceans are frequently included under the umbrella of "earth science" in general usage (oceanography or ocean sciences).

Thus, these are some of the first discoveries in Earth Science.

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Answer: The question is incorrect, below is the correct question

Which DNA FINGERPRINTING technique examines the length variation of DNA repeat sequences in human DNA?

The correct answer to the question is option D

mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) analysis

Explanation: DNA fingerprinting technique is a laboratory technique used by geneticists.it entails placing of DNA samples into wells,these wells are then placed in a slab of gels and thereafter passing a current through the gel.This is done to ascertain the uniqueness of a DNA pattern and thus be able to differentiate people of same species.

There are several methods of DNA fingerprinting as outlined in the options given with the question.

In mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) analysis,The Genetic samples are extracted from the biological materials, these samples extracted are total genomic DNA like hair,tooth or samples of blood, Several copies of these genomic DNA are then produced using a polymerase chain reaction and flanking primers inorder to examines the length variation of DNA repeat sequences in human DNA.

Answer:

D. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

Explanation:

Edg 2021

Coexistence is facilitated by reducing direct competition for resources, either through differentiation or resource variation.

Two species can potentially coexist in two types of niches:

1. Niche Differentiation: When two species occupy slightly different ecological niches within the same habitat, they can coexist by utilizing different resources or occupying different spatial or temporal niches. This allows them to reduce competition and coexist through resource partitioning.

An example of niche differentiation is observed in Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands, where different species have evolved distinct beak shapes to exploit different food sources.

2. Niche Overlap with Resource Variation: If two species have a high degree of niche overlap but their resource requirements vary over time or space, they can coexist by utilizing the same resources at different times or in different locations.

This is known as temporal or spatial niche variation. An example is seen in seasonal variations in plant species that flower at different times, allowing different pollinators to coexist and share resources.

In both cases, the competitive abilities of the species, and the environmental conditions of the habitat.

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Answer:

continental slope,abyssal hill

Answer:

There are nine main features of the ocean floor which include (1) continental shelf, (2) continental slope, (3) continental rise, (4) abyssal plains, (5) abyssal hill, (6) mid-ocean ridges, (7) seamounts, (8) deep ocean trenches, and (9) volcanic islands.

Explanation:

The trait that cannot be possessed by non-chordates is the notochord. Notochord is a defining feature of chordates and is a flexible rod-like structure that runs along the length of their bodies. Non-chordates, on the other hand, lack a notochord but may possess bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, and a head with sensory organs.

The notochord is a distinctive characteristic of chordates, which are a group of animals that includes vertebrates (animals with backbones) as well as some closely related non-vertebrate species. The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that extends along the length of the body and provides structural support. It also plays a role in development, forming the basis for the vertebral column in vertebrates. Non-chordates, on the other hand, do not possess a notochord. However, they may exhibit other features such as bilateral symmetry (having a symmetrical body plan), segmented bodies (body divided into repeating segments), and a head with sensory organs, which can vary among different non-chordate groups.

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Sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together. Sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction. In reproduction, one parent divides. Therefore, sexual reproduction is less frequent in fungi.

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The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that plays a central role in the processing and modification of proteins and lipids in eukaryotic cells.

Its primary function is to sort, modify, and package proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for transport to their final destinations within the cell or outside of the cell.

The Golgi apparatus does this by adding various functional groups, such as carbohydrates or phosphates, to the proteins and lipids as they move through its various compartments.

These modifications can alter the function, localization, and stability of the proteins and lipids, allowing them to perform specific functions within the cell.

Therefore, the Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER before they are transported to their final destinations.

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The most likely explanation for the insertion of the new gene in the paramecium from tank 1 is horizontal gene transfer.

This is the transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not parent and offspring. The paramecium in tank 1 likely acquired the gene from the bacteria they were consuming as part of their diet.

This type of transfer can occur through mechanisms such as transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The fact that the new gene is 99% similar to a gene found in the bacteria supports the hypothesis that it was acquired through horizontal gene transfer.

It is also important to note that the paramecium in tank 2 did not acquire the new gene, likely because they were not consuming the bacteria that carried it.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

The process of pollination is an example of mutualism. Thus, the correct option is C.

Mutualism may be defined as a +,+ interaction in which both species may be benefitted when living together.

During the process of pollination, the host plant will receive the service of insects to provoke the pollination successfully while in return insects get the food (nectar) and space to live on the plant's flower.

Therefore, the process of pollination is an example of mutualism. Thus, the correct option is C.

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Answer:pidgeons

Explanation:

The given statement "the prefrontal cortex is largely responsible for the so-called ""executive"" functions" is True. Because, the prefrontal cortex is in fact substantially in charge of what are referred to as "executive" activities.

Planning, decision-making, problem-solving, thinking, attention, and working memory are just a few of the higher cognitive tasks that the prefrontal cortex, found in the frontal lobes of the brain, is essential for. Because they include the management and regulation of other cognitive processes, these activities are sometimes referred to as executive functions. The prefrontal cortex aids in goal-setting, result prediction, inhibition of improper behaviours, focus maintenance, and adaptation to changing conditions. Executive function deficiencies can result from injury to or malfunction of the prefrontal cortex and affect a person's capacity for critical thought, wise decision-making, and goal-directed behaviour.

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The best explanation for why bacteria are able to use human DNA is that the DNA code is the same in bacteria and humans.

1. The DNA code is the same in bacteria and humans: DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions for building and functioning of organisms. The DNA code, consisting of four nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine), is universal across living organisms. The sequence of these bases determines the genetic information encoded in the DNA.

While bacteria and humans have different DNA sequences overall, the fundamental genetic code is the same. This means that the same genetic code is used to translate DNA into proteins in both bacteria and humans.

2. The proteins used to make insulin are the same in humans and bacteria: Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates glucose metabolism. The gene for insulin carries the instructions for making the insulin protein. The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids that make up the insulin protein.

Since the genetic code is the same in bacteria and humans, the sequence of amino acids used to make insulin is also the same. Therefore, bacteria can use human DNA to produce insulin because the necessary genetic information for making the insulin protein is present in both organisms.

3. The mRNA produced by the insulin matches the mRNA produced by bacteria: mRNA (messenger RNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the protein synthesis machinery in cells. The mRNA sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence and is produced through a process called transcription.

In this case, when the human insulin gene is inserted into bacterial DNA, the bacteria transcribe the gene to produce mRNA that matches the bacterial mRNA synthesis machinery. This allows the bacteria to effectively read the instructions from the human insulin gene and produce the insulin protein.

4. The insulin produced by bacteria is different from the insulin produced by humans: This statement is incorrect. The insulin produced by bacteria using the human insulin gene is identical to the insulin produced by humans.

Since the genetic code and the amino acid sequence of insulin are the same in both bacteria and humans, the resulting insulin protein is identical in its structure and function. This allows the insulin produced by bacteria to be used as a therapeutic treatment for diabetes in humans.

In summary, the ability of bacteria to use human DNA to produce insulin is based on the shared genetic code between bacteria and humans, allowing the bacteria to accurately transcribe and translate the human insulin gene to produce the same insulin protein.

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The situation would you see a partial lunar eclipse is a portion of the Moon passes through Earth’s shadow option -c is correct answer.

As the name implies, a partial lunar eclipse happens when the Sun, Earth, and Moon aren't exactly lined up. As a result, only a portion of the Moon enters Earth's umbral shadow and is thus completely covered in red light.

a solar eclipse in which some of the sun's direct rays reach the observer because the moon does not completely block the sun's surface or photosphere. : the entire total solar eclipse that occurs outside of the path of totality.

When the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, a partial solar eclipse occurs, but the Sun, Moon, and Earth are not exactly lined up. The Sun will appear to be partially obscured, taking on the shape of a crescent.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

Google

Answer:

Grass

Explanation:

Grass is the producer in the given food chain.

Note : -

Grasses are green plants which synthesize food ( carbohydrate ) in presence of sun light in the process of photosynthesis. That's why grass is called producers.

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The only Producer among the given choices is ~

\({ \qquad{ \sf{ \dashrightarrow}}}  \:  \: \sf \:grass\)

Answer:

Excretion

Explanation:

The excretory system removes cellular wastes and helps maintain the salt-water balance in an organism. When cells break down proteins, they produce nitrogenous wastes, like urea. The excretory system serves to remove these nitrogenous waste products, as well as excess salts and water, from the body.

The receiving chambers of the heart are the right and left atria.

The atria can be defined as two different heart chambers, which are found in the upper area of this organ.

The atria have critical roles during the cardiac cycle by allowing the storage of blood during systole and conduit it in the diastole.

In conclusion, the receiving chambers of the heart include the right and left atria.

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Answer:

i would say i might be A

Explanation:

very sorry if im wrong

Scientists have found that the region of the brain that inhibits risky behavior isn't fully formed until early adulthood or around the age of 25.

The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive functions such as decision-making, impulse control, and weighing the potential risks and rewards of actions, undergoes significant development during adolescence and continues to mature into early adulthood.

This region plays a crucial role in inhibiting impulsive and risky behaviors.

Research has shown that the prefrontal cortex undergoes structural and functional changes during this period, including increased myelination, synaptic pruning, and improved connectivity with other brain regions.

These changes contribute to the development of cognitive control and the ability to make more reasoned and calculated decisions.

The delayed development of the prefrontal cortex has been proposed to explain the increased risk-taking behavior often observed in adolescents and young adults.

The immaturity of this brain region during adolescence may lead to a greater susceptibility to engage in risky behaviors without fully considering the potential consequences.

It is important to note that while the prefrontal cortex continues to develop beyond adolescence, the exact timeline of its maturation can vary among individuals.

Factors such as genetics, environmental influences, and individual experiences can also impact the development of this brain region and its associated inhibitory functions.

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Answer:

Generate new ideas

There are many branches of science

Explanation:

Of course many would agree that science has become our way of life, it shapes how we work; by enabling us to generate new ideas. For example, one famous idea that was generated as a result of science is the electric lightbulb by Thomas Edison. Just think of how the world would have been if there weren't any light bulbs to beautify our cities.

Also, science has many branches; making it a very interesting field of study. The major branches include life science, physical science, and earth science.

The correct option is D) When it has access to unlimited resources. Logistic growth requires infinite resources to be sustained, it is common in primary succession, and microbes lab cultures.

Answer: B• Decent with modification

Explanation:]The idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.