please help with what is alkaline and what is the answer with an explanation

Answer:

280 kPa

Explanation:

P1V1 = P2V2

140 * 2.5 =  P2 * 1.25

P2 = 280 kPa

The change in entropy of the surroundings (ΔSsurr) for this reaction at 298K is 922 J/mol K.

To calculate Delta Ssurr, we need to know the entropy change of the surroundings during the reaction. Since the reaction is exothermic (Delta H is negative), the surroundings will gain heat. This means that the entropy of the surroundings will increase.

We can use the equation Delta Ssurr = -Delta H/T, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. Plugging in the given values, we get:

Delta Ssurr = -(-275 kJ/mol) / 298 K = 0.922 J/mol K

Therefore, the answer is 0.922 J/mol K.
To find the change in entropy of the surroundings (ΔSsurr) for the reaction CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) <=> CO2(g) at 298K, we will use the formula:

ΔSsurr = - (ΔH / T)

Given that the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is -275 kJ/mol and the temperature (T) is 298K, we can now calculate the change in entropy of the surroundings.

First, we need to convert the given ΔH value to joules (J) because the given options are in J/mol K. To convert kJ to J, we simply multiply by 1000:

ΔH = -275 kJ/mol × 1000 J/1 kJ = -275,000 J/mol

Now we can use the formula:

ΔSsurr = - (-275,000 J/mol) / 298 K = 922 J/mol K

The change in entropy of the surroundings (ΔSsurr) for this reaction at 298K is 922 J/mol K.

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Mass of 2.23x10²³ atoms of sulphur with molar mass of 32.07 grams per mole is equals to the 2.65 g per mole.

Avogadro's number, is a constant number of units in one mole of any substance (may be defined as its molecular weight in grams), equal to 6.02214076 × 10²³. The units represents electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the nature of the substance and the character of the reaction. We have 2.23× 10²³ atoms of sulpher. We have to determine the mass of these atoms. Now, one mole of sulphur is 6.02214076 × 10²³ atoms or molecules.

Molar mass of sulphur = 32.07 grams/mol

6.02214076 × 10²³ atoms or molecules = 1 mole

1 atom =\( \frac{ 1}{6.02214076 × 10²³}\)

So, 2.23× 10²³ atoms of sulphur = \(2.23× 10²³ × \frac{ 1}{6.02214076 × 10²³}\) moles. Using molar mass formula, Molar mass = mass of substance divided by number of moles of substance.

=> Mass of sulphur = \(32.07 ×2.23× 10²³ × \frac{ 1}{6.02214076 × 10²³} g\\ \)

= 2.65 g

Hence, required value is 2.65 g per mole.

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Gallon of gasoline are needed for dr meyer to drive the 48km distance between salem and portland is 1.151 gallon.

Now,

According to the given question,

Fuel efficiency of dr. meyer's old car is 11km per liter.

According to dimensional analysis,

 11 km = 1 liter

  1 km = 1/11 liter

  48km = 48/11 liter

            =  4.36 liter

Now,

  We know that,

1 liter = 0.264 gallon

Hence,

 4.36 liter = 1.151 gallon

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that,  Gallon of gasoline are needed for dr meyer to drive the 48km distance between salem and portland is 1.151 gallon.

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Mole ratio is the proportional amount of moles of two or more compounds in a chemical reaction, and this concept is widely used in Stoichiometry, since in this type of matter we have to be comparing initial amount of reactant and final amount of product, usually, we have to convert grams of mass into moles of the compound, and when we have to compare the number of moles of different compounds, we use mole ratio, as we can see in the example below:

A + 2 B -> X

The mole ratio between A and B is 1:2, therefore if we have 3 moles of A in the reaction, we would have 6 moles of B, and with that concept in mind, we can find the mass asked in any question.

In this process, we can have the theoretical yield of a reaction, which is how much of the product is produced from the initial amount of reactant

We have two oversimplified reactions that take in account mole ratio:

1. Formation of Ammonia:

N2 + 3 H2 -> 2 NH3, here we have the following mole ratios:

1 N2 = 3 H2

1 N2 = 2 NH3

3 H2 = 2 NH3

2. Burning of Octane, which is fuel:

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 -> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

The mole ratios are:

2 C8H18 = 25 O2

2 C8H18 = 16 CO2

2 C8H18 = 18 H2O

25 O2 = 16 CO2

25 O2 = 18 H2O

16 CO2 = 18 H2O

Limiting and excess reactants are, as the name already implies, the reactant the will limit the amount of the other reactant undergoing the reaction, and this is found through mole ratio. The excess reactant is the reactant that will not totally react, but it will have some of it left without undergoing the reaction

a) The sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts.

b) The sphere absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts.

c) The sphere's net rate of energy exchange is 102.09 Watts.

To calculate the rates of thermal radiation emission and absorption, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the rate of thermal radiation emitted or absorbed by an object is proportional to its surface area, temperature, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

a) The rate of thermal radiation emitted by the sphere can be calculated using the formula:

Emitting Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(temperature^4 - environment\ temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Emitting Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((32.2 + 273.15)^4 - (82.9 + 273.15)^4)\)

Emitting Rate ≈ 139.75 Watts

b) The rate of thermal radiation absorbed by the sphere can be calculated in a similar way but using the environment temperature as the object's temperature:

Absorbing Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(environment\ temperature^4 - temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Absorbing Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((82.9 + 273.15)^4 - (32.2 + 273.15)^4)\)

Absorbing Rate ≈ 37.66 Watts

c) The net rate of energy exchange is the difference between the emitting rate and the absorbing rate:

Net Rate = Emitting Rate - Absorbing Rate

Net Rate = 139.75 Watts - 37.66 Watts

Net Rate ≈ 102.09 Watts

Therefore, the sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts, absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts, and has a net rate of energy exchange of 102.09 Watts.

Note: The units for all the rates are Watts.

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Water is a unique substance because of its molecular structure, which allows it to have various properties that significantly impact the happenings on earth.

Firstly, water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and release large amounts of heat without changing its temperature. This property enables water to regulate the earth's temperature and make it more habitable for living organisms. Secondly, water is an excellent solvent, which means it can dissolve many substances, making it an essential element for life processes. Additionally, water's surface tension and adhesion properties enable it to move through plants and animals, providing them with vital nutrients and oxygen. Lastly, water's ability to freeze and expand when it does is crucial to the survival of aquatic organisms in colder climates. Therefore, water's molecular structure and unique properties are vital in shaping the happenings on earth.

Water is essential for life on Earth due to its unique molecular structure, which bestows it with remarkable properties. These properties include its ability to dissolve many substances, high specific heat capacity, and cohesive and adhesive qualities. Water's polarity enables it to dissolve various substances, making it a universal solvent and crucial for chemical reactions. Its high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb and release heat without experiencing significant temperature changes, which helps regulate Earth's climate. Furthermore, water's cohesive and adhesive forces contribute to phenomena like capillary action, which is vital for plant life. Overall, water's molecular structure greatly influences the happenings on Earth.

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The reaction between 3-phenylpropyne and D2 (deuterium) in the presence of Pd/C (palladium on carbon) is a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. In this reaction, the triple bond of 3-phenylpropyne is reduced to a single bond, resulting in the addition of two deuterium atoms.

The organic product of this reaction is 3-phenylpropane-d2. The triple bond between the carbon atoms in 3-phenylpropyne is converted into a single bond, and two deuterium atoms (D) replace two hydrogen atoms (H). The phenyl group (C6H5) remains intact. The deuterium atoms are isotopes of hydrogen, containing a neutron in their nuclei. Thus, the resulting product, 3-phenylpropane-d2, contains deuterium atoms instead of hydrogen atoms, while the overall structure of the molecule remains the same.

Overall, the reaction between 3-phenylpropyne and D2 in the presence of Pd/C leads to the formation of 3-phenylpropane-d2, where the triple bond is converted to a single bond and two deuterium atoms replace two hydrogen atoms.

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Fe(CH3COO)3(aq) + PbBr2(s)

When FeBr3(aq) and Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) are mixed together, a double displacement reaction occurs and the positive ions (Fe3+ and Pb2+) and negative ions (Br- and CH3COO-) switch partners to form two new compounds. The formulas of the products can be predicted using the following steps:

1. Write the cation (+) and anion (-) for each reactant:

FeBr3(aq) --> Fe3+(aq) + 3Br-(aq)

Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) --> Pb2+(aq) + 2CH3COO-(aq)

2. Identify the combination of cation and anion that will form a neutral compound (i.e. one with a total charge of zero).

Fe3+(aq) + 2CH3COO-(aq) --> Fe(CH3COO)2(s)

Pb2+(aq) + 3Br-(aq) --> PbBr3(s)

Therefore, the predicted formulas of the products are Fe(CH3COO)2 and PbBr3. However, it is important to balance the equation to ensure that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.

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Answer:

all of them

Explanation:

Enstatite, a pure Mg-endmember pyroxene, possesses an orthorhombic crystal structure with lattice parameters of a = 1.8228 nm, b = 0.8805 nm, and c = 0.5185 nm. It exhibits euhedral growth faces on {100}, {101}, {210}, and {010}, while cleavage is observed on the {210} face.

From the given information, we can understand the crystal structure of the pure Mg-endmember pyroxene, enstatite (MgSiO3), as well as the specific growth faces and cleavage observed on the crystal.

Crystal Structure;

Enstatite is described as an orthorhombic mineral. The crystal lattice of enstatite consists of interconnected silicon-oxygen (SiO4) tetrahedra, forming a three-dimensional network. The magnesium (Mg) cations are located within the void spaces of this tetrahedral framework.

Lattice Parameters:

The lattice parameters of enstatite are given as follows:

a = 1.8228 nm

b = 0.8805 nm

c = 0.5185 nm

These values represent the dimensions of the unit cell of the crystal structure. The unit cell is the basic repeating unit of the crystal lattice.

Euhedral Growth Faces;

Euhedral growth faces refer to the crystal faces that have developed during the growth of the mineral, displaying well-defined and characteristic crystallographic orientations. The euhedral growth faces observed on the pure Mg-endmember pyroxene enstatite include;

{100}: This represents a crystal face that corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the crystallographic a-axis.

{101}: This represents a crystal face that corresponds to a direction that intersects the a-axis and the b-axis.

{210}: This represents a crystal face that corresponds to a direction that intersects the b-axis and the c-axis.

{010}: This represents a crystal face that corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the crystallographic b-axis.

Cleavage Face;

Cleavage refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. In the case of enstatite, cleavage is observed on the {210} face. This indicates that when a force is applied in the appropriate direction, the crystal structure of enstatite will break most easily along the {210} plane.

Therefore,  a pure Mg-endmember pyroxene, possesses an orthorhombic crystal structure with lattice parameters of a = 1.8228 nm, b = 0.8805 nm, and c = 0.5185 nm.

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Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H₂O is oxidized during the light reactions and CO₂ is reduced during the Calvin cycle.

The chemical reaction in which the oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously is known as a redox reaction. In this type of reaction, the reactants that are reduced gain electrons, while the reactants that are oxidized lose electrons during the reaction.

The oxidation of water and the reduction of carbon dioxide is the core of photosynthesis, an energy transducing process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy. During photosynthesis, water molecules are oxidized to produce oxygen gas and positively charged hydrogen ions. The process of photosynthesis is of two types, light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and involve the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. On the other hand, the light-independent reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon dioxide is reduced to produce glucose molecules. Therefore, Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is oxidized during the light reactions and CO2 is reduced during the Calvin cycle.

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The size of the atoms a and the number of holes in the atoms can be used to decode the element.

A model is a miniature depiction of reality. Molecular models often consists of boxes that contain balls which are used to represent elements. In common parlance, the color is used to show the type of element.

Apart from the color, the size of the atoms a and the number of holes in the atoms can be used to decode the element.

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A substance with high [H⁺] would likely have a low [OH⁻] and a high pOH. Option B is correct.

A substance with a high [H⁺] concentration would be acidic and would typically have a low pH value.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.

This is because, in an acidic solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH⁻] is low, while the concentration of hydronium ions [H₃O⁺] (which is equivalent to [H⁺]) is high. The pOH value is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration and is related to pH as follows: pH + pOH = 14.

Therefore, a high [H⁺] concentration would correspond to a low [OH⁻] concentration and a high pOH value.

Hence, B. a low [OH⁻] and a high pOH is the correct option.

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--The question is incorrect, the correct question is

"A substance with a high [H⁺] would likely have which additional characteristics? A) a high [OH⁻] and a high pOH B)  a low [OH⁻] and a high pOH  C) a high [OH⁻] and a low pOH D) a low [OH⁻] and a low  pOH."--

Glucose  is broken down in the first step of cellular respiration.

Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. It involves the splitting of glucose into two three-carbon molecules through a 10-step process divided into two phases. The first phase involves the division of a six-carbon sugar molecule, while the second phase extracts and stores energy in the form of ATP and NADH. These two phases are known as the energy investment and energy generation phases. The overall net energy gain from this process is two ATP.

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The mass of cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate collected in the experiment is 0.11 g.

To calculate the mass of cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate collected in the experiment, we can use the given information and the relation provided.

The relation given is: Mass of watch glass, filter paper and product - mass of watch glass and filter paper.

Let's substitute the given values into the relation:

Mass of watch glass, filter paper and product = 5.22 x \(10^1\) g
Mass of watch glass = 50.73 g
Mass of filter paper = 0.38 g

Now we can calculate the mass of the cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate:

Mass of cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate = Mass of watch glass, filter paper and product - Mass of watch glass and filter paper

= (5.22 x \(10^1\)g) - (50.73 g + 0.38 g)

= 5.22 x\(10^1\) g - 51.11 g

= 0.11 g

Therefore, the mass of cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate collected in the experiment is 0.11 g.

It's important to note that the answer is assumed to be reduced to the highest power possible. In this case, there is no need for any exponent notation, so the mass of cobalt oxalate tetrahydrate is simply 0.11 g.

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Answer:

1a) .68 moles 1b)4.1E-23 molecules.

2a) .37 moles 2b) 2.27E-23 molecules

Explanation:

1a) CO2 is equal to 44 grams (C→12 grams,O→16 grams[·2]) .30g/44g is .68 moles.

1b) multiply 1A by advogadros number (6.022E-23)

2a) NaCl is 58 grams. 22/58 is .37 moles.

2b) multiply 2A by advogadros number.

you'd answer #3 the same way #1 and #2

The branch of science that deals with chemicals and bonds are called chemistry. The moles are units to calculate the quantity required to use the element.

The correct answer is mentioned below.

According to the question, the moles to the option is as follows:-

\(n =\frac{M}{M.M}\\ \\\frac{30}{44} \\\\=0.681\\\\\)

The number of molecules is \(0.68 *6022*10^{23} =4.09496*10^{23\).

2. moles of 22 grams of NaCl is

\(\frac{22}{44}\\ \\=0.5\\\\\)

Molecules will be \(0.5*6.022*10^{23} = 3.011*10^{23}\)

3. moles of 50-gram ammonia

\(\frac{50}{17} \\\\2.94\\\)

The number of molecules is \(2.94*6.022*10^{23} = 1770*10^{23\)

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Answer:

The answer is C, both krypton and neon.

Explanation:

I got the answer wrong and my teacher told me that c is the right answer choice

Ions can be made by single element or covalently bonded group of elements. The covalently bonded group of elements is called polyatomic ions or polyatomic atoms. Therefore, the correct option is option C.

Any species that contain charge whether it is positive charge or negative charge is called ions. The example of polyatomic ions are sulfate, phosphate, nitrate etc.

Cation is the species that loose electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state.

Rb react as cation Rb ⁺ with electron distribution as [Kr] after removal of 1 electron from s orbital. F react as anion F⁻ with electron distribution [He] 2s² 2p⁶ which is equal to electronic configuration of neon.

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

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Elements created in stellar nucleosynthesis are carbon, oxygen, iron, calcium .

What is stellar nucleosynthesis ?

Stellar nucleosynthesis is a process involving nuclear reactions in which new atomic nuclei are synthesized from existing nuclei or nucleons. The first stage of nucleosynthesis occurred in the hot early universe, producing H, He, and trace amounts of Li-7 (primordial nucleosynthesis). In today's universe, nucleosynthesis takes place as follows.

(1) thermonuclear reaction and explosion inside the star (nucleus formation up to the Fe peak), (2) neutron capture and explosion inside the star (nucleus formation above the Fe peak), (3) stars Spallation reactions in interstitial matter, where light nuclei (Li, Be, and B) arise from the fragmentation of heavy nuclei (C, N, and O).

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No, not all molecular structures have at least one imaginary frequency. It depends on the specific geometry and symmetry of the molecule.

In general, molecular structures with three or more atoms will have one or more imaginary frequencies.This is because these structures have multiple vibrational modes, and not all of these modes correspond to physical vibrations of the molecule. Instead, some modes involve a distortion of the molecular geometry that is energetically unfavorable or impossible. These modes are represented by imaginary frequencies in the calculated vibrational spectrum of the molecule. However, some simple diatomic molecules, such as HCl or N₂, may not have any imaginary frequencies due to their limited vibrational modes.

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Answer:

88

Explanation:

The ion has a charge of 2+, therefore the number of neutrons it possess is 86+2

which equals 88

The element X having a mass number of 230 and has 86 electrons is radium and has  142 neutrons.

An atom is composed basically of electrons, protons and neutrons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons are equal. The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the number of protons (atomic number).

Since we know that the ion of the element X has 86 electrons and the compound formed is XBr2, it then means that neutral X has 88 electrons.

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is the same as the number of protons or atomic number. An element can be identified by its atomic number. The element having atomic number 88 is radium.

The number of neutrons is obtained as;

Mass number - atomic number

230 - 88 = 142 neutrons

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Answer/Explanation:

No compounds must be made up of two or more elements. otherwise it wouldn't be a compound. There must be some type of combination or it isn't a compound.

Carbon NMR:Spectrum: The chemical shift of the aromatic carbons (Ph–) appears between 128 ppm and 131 ppm. The presence of the double bond (–CH=) appears in the range of 137 ppm to 142 ppm. The benzyl carbon (PhCH2–) appears between 46 ppm and 47 ppm.

The reaction of 1-phenylethylamine with Biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde produces N-(4-phenylbenzylidene)-1-phenylethylamine. The NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for determining the chemical structure of organic compounds. It is used to analyze the proton and carbon environments of the compound.Here's a detailed analysis of the NMR of N-(4-phenyl benzylidene)-1-phenylethanolamine: Proton NMR:Spectrum:In the proton NMR, the presence of the hydrogen of the amine group (–NH) appears between 4.8 ppm and 5.1 ppm. The hydrogen atoms on the double bond (–CH=) appear between 7.3 ppm and 7.4 ppm. The presence of aromatic protons (Ph–) appears in the range of 7.0 ppm to 7.2 ppm and the presence of benzyl proton (PhCH2–) appears at 4.7 ppm. Carbon NMR:Spectrum:The chemical shift of the aromatic carbons (Ph–) appears between 128 ppm and 131 ppm. The presence of the double bond (–CH=) appears in the range of 137 ppm to 142 ppm. The benzyl carbon (PhCH2–) appears between 46 ppm and 47 ppm.

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Compound A, which has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, is a hydrocarbon and Compound B, which has a nitrogen atom, is an amine.

We have 2 organic compounds:

Let's consider the families of organic compounds presented in the options.

Which statement best identifies compounds A and B?

Compound A, which has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, is a hydrocarbon and Compound B, which has a nitrogen atom, is an amine.

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The temperature needed for 41 grams of O₂ to expand to a volume of 2L under a pressure of 1 atm is approximately 19.023 Kelvin.

We know that the ideal gas equation is:

PV = nRT ......(i)

where P ⇒ pressure

V ⇒ volume of the gas

n ⇒ number of moles of the gas

T ⇒ temperature in Kelvin

R ⇒ ideal gas constant = 0.082057 (L·atm/(mol·K))

Now, as per the question:

Mass of O₂ = 41 grams

The volume of expanded gas, V = 2 L

Pressure, P = 1 atm

We need to determine the temperature needed for the gas to expand to 2 L.

For that, we need to calculate the number of moles of O₂ gas first.

Since,

no. of moles = mass of the gas / molar mass of the gas

(∵ molar mass of O₂ = 32 g)

moles = 41 g / 32 g/mol

moles ≈ 1.28125 mol

Now,  to solve for temperature (T),

The ideal gas equation can be written as:

\(T=\frac{PV}{nR}\)  ......(ii)

Now, substituting the given values in the equation (ii):

\(T = \frac{(1)*(2)}{(1.28125)*(0.082057)} \frac{(atm).(L)}{(mole).(L.atm/mol.K)}\)

\(T = \frac{2}{0.105136} \frac{atm.L}{(L.atm)/K}\)

T ≈ 19.023 K

Thus, the temperature needed for 41 grams of O₂ to expand to a volume of 2 L under a pressure of 1 atm is approximately 19.023 Kelvin.

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Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

Principal shell 2n has one s and one p subshell, and can hold a total of eight electrons. The p subshell has three dumbbell-shaped orbitals, as illustrated in Figure 4.

The statement "The relative proportion (ratio) of parent and daughter isotopes can be used to determine how many half-lives have passed since the formation of the mineral that contains the radioactive isotopes" is True.

The process is based on the principle of radioactive decay, where unstable isotopes decay over time into more stable daughter isotopes. By comparing the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes in a sample, scientists can calculate the elapsed time by considering the known half-life of the radioactive isotope.

The ratio of parent to daughter isotopes provides valuable information for dating geological materials and understanding the age of rocks or minerals.

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The hydrocarbon with the highest boiling point among the following hydrocarbons is C2H6, which is option c.

Explanation: Boiling points are an important property of organic compounds that is related to their molecular structure and, in particular, their molecular weight and intermolecular forces of attraction. As the number of carbon atoms in an alkane increases, its boiling point generally increases because the larger the molecule, the stronger its van der Waals dispersion forces are, and the more energy is needed to break the bonds holding the molecules together.

Furthermore, the straighter the chain, the greater the surface area over which the molecules can interact, increasing the magnitude of the intermolecular forces.C2H2 is ethyne, an alkyne compound that contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms. The boiling point of ethyne is -84.0 °C, which is lower than that of C2H4 and C2H6.C2H4, ethene, is an alkene, and it has a boiling point of -103.7 °C.C2H6, ethane, is an alkane compound that has a boiling point of -88.6 °C.

Ethane has the highest boiling point of the three hydrocarbons mentioned, making option c the correct choice.

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The 10 reactions of glycolysis can be categorized as follows:

(a) Phosphorylations:

Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP

2-phosphoglycerate + 2 ADP → 2 ATP + 2-phosphoenolpyruvate

(b) Isomerizations:

2. Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

(c) Oxidation-Reductions:

6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + Pi → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+

(d) Dehydrations:

4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

(e) Carbon-Carbon Cleavages:

8. 2-phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → Pyruvate + Pi

Enolase: 2-phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O

Pyruvate kinase: Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP

Therefore, 3 reactions are phosphorylations, 2 are isomerizations, 1 is an oxidation-reduction, 1 is a dehydration, and 3 are carbon-carbon cleavages. These reactions ultimately result in the conversion of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and reducing equivalents in the process.

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