Question #21
In the field of medicine, researchers have recently designed a technique that allows them to use adult
stem cells to test the potency and safety of newly designed drugs for humans. What is the most
likely advantage of this new technology compared with other forms of drug trials?
A
It helps ensure that the shelf life of newly designed drugs is as long as possible.
B
It helps ensure that the newly designed drugs can cure all patients they are used to treat.
C
It helps reduce the demand to test newly designed drugs on animals.
D
It helps reduce the time it takes to bring newly designed drugs to the market.

Answer:

distal tubule, the concentration of ADH

Explanation:

Nephron is the functional unit of kidney. Nephron undergo reabsorption and secretion along different part.

The permeability of distal tubule to water in the second coiled tubule of the nephron is controlled by the concentration of ADH. The concentartion of ADH controls the degree of dilution or urine concentration. High ADH level makes , tubules permeable to water while the absence of ADH makes them impermeable to water.

Hence, the correct answers for blanks are distal tubule and the concentration of ADH.

Answer:

The distal tubule, the concentration of ADH.

Blood pressure fluctuates depending on the type of blood vessel. Because the big arteries (such as the aorta) are directly attached to the ventricle of the heart, blood pressure is highest there.

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Answer:

The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.

Explanation:

Production efficiency is defined as the percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that is converted into biomass.

Production efficiency = \(\frac{production}{assimillation}\)

Production efficiency excludes losses within feces, trophic efficiency, by contrast, takes into account energy losses as found in feces.

The trophic efficiency is the efficiency at which mass or energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next through predation. The individual efficiency is the efficiency with which a typical individual turns its consumption into somatic growth.

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The vertebral regions are listed below, with the topmost area closest to the head at the top and the bottommost region furthest from the head at the bottom. Order:1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Instead of being part of the spinal column, the sacrum and coccyx are frequently seen as belonging to the pelvic area. Since they are made of fused vertebrae, they are still regarded as a part of the vertebral column.  The primary axis of the skeleton in all vertebrates is the vertebral column, commonly referred to as the spinal column.

The vertebral column supports the trunk, acts as a location for haemopoiesis, and offers attachment points for muscles. It also protects the spinal cord and nerve roots.

Order:

vertebrae in the neck

chest vertebrae

cervical vertebrae

Sacrum Coccyx.

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Answer:

6. Current = 8.33 Amps

7. Energy = 1200 Joules

Explanation:

Given the following data;

6. Power = 1000 Watts

Voltage = 120 Volts

To find the current flowing through;

Power = current * voltage

1000 = current * 120

Current = 1000/120

Current = 8.33 Amps

7. Power = 900 Watts

Time = 45 minutes to hours = 45/60 = 0.75 hours

To find the energy consumption;

Energy = power/time

Energy = 900/0.75

Energy = 1200 Joules

The relationship between natural selection and beneficial traits is best described by beneficial traits that allow an organism to be better suited to its environment (Option C).

Nаturаl selection is а mechаnism of evolution. Orgаnisms thаt аre more аdаpted to their environment аre more likely to survive аnd pаss on the genes thаt аided their success. This process cаuses species to chаnge аnd diverge over time.

In nаturаl selection, genetic mutаtions thаt аre beneficiаl to аn individuаl's survivаl аre pаssed on through reproduction. This results in а new generаtion of orgаnisms thаt аre more likely to survive to reproduce.

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During the second trimester, the pregnant lady experiences increase in energy as the growth of the child increases linearly. Thus, the correct option is B.

Development of the placenta occurs in the first trimester and by the 12th week it is fully developed and functional.

Although eyes develop completely in the early stages of pregnancy by the 13th week, the eyes remain closed and open in the third trimester.

Heartbeat is evident since the beginning of pregnancy. The heart is in its primitive form at that stage and develops by the end of first trimester.

As weight of the mother starts increasing in the second trimester, the energy requirements also increase, due to increase in energy. The increase in energy is estimated to be around 45-170 kcal.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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The graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed below.

A graph plotting is a process of plotting the coordinates given that represent a relation between two quantities and gives an idea of how one quantity varies with respect to other.

Given are the coordinates of Deer population from 1905 to 1939.

We can plot the given coordinates on the graph very easily. Along the x - axis, we will plot the deer population and along the y - axis we will plot number of deer's. The plotted graph is attached with the answer. For a given coordinate say (x, y), the x - coordinate is plotted on x - axis and the y - coordinate is plotted on y - axis.

Therefore, the graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed above.

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The a. NADPH; NADH

In many bacteria, NADPH is used for biosynthesis, whereas NADH feeds the electron transport system.

NADPH is an electron carrier that provides reducing power for biosynthetic reactions, while NADH is an electron carrier that donates electrons to the electron transport chain, which is used to generate ATP.

NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) are both important electron carriers that are involved in cellular metabolism. They are coenzymes that play critical roles in many biochemical reactions, including those involved in energy production, biosynthesis, and antioxidant defense.

In many bacteria, NADPH is primarily used for biosynthesis, as it is required for the reduction of carbon dioxide to organic compounds, the synthesis of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. In contrast, NADH is primarily used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which is the process by which cells produce energy by coupling the electron transport chain to the production of ATP.

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Answer:

PLEASE RECHECK ANSWER BELOW!!!!

Explanation:

If the clover plants that are heterozygous (Bb) are crossed with plants that are homozygous recessive (bb), the offspring will all be Bb, because the dominant allele (B) will mask the recessive allele (b).

Assuming that the cross yields 300 seeds, we know that all of them will be Bb.

To determine how many of these seeds are expected to grow into plants that are heterozygous, we need to consider the probability of each seed growing into a plant with the same genotype (Bb).

Since Bb is the only possible genotype for the offspring, the probability of a seed growing into a heterozygous plant (Bb) is 1 (or 100%).

Therefore, out of the 300 seeds, we can expect all of them (300) to grow into plants that are heterozygous.

Answer:

Find the explanation below.

Explanation:

When two species find themselves in the same environment, the quest for survival would lead to interactions among themselves.

Competition would result when there are limited resources. For example, when Tigers and Lions who feed on the same prey exist together in an environment, a competitive relationship can result.

Predation is a sort of interaction where an organism feeds on a prey to survive. Here, the weaker animal/species stands the risk of being defeated in the battle for survival. For example, in some homes where cats and rats exist, the cats tend to prey on the rats.

Mutualism is a form of symbiotic relationship where the animals exist together in a cooperative manner. Most fungal species have been found to have a mutualistic relationship with the roots of plants. Each of these two is important to each other's survival.

The carbon cycle, an exchange between each reservoir, involves the flow of carbon. The annual average for the slow carbon cycle is 1013 to 1014 grams (10-100 million metric tons) of carbon..

It is one of the more rapid parts of the planet's total carbon cycle, enabling the annual exchange of more than 200 billion tons of carbon (or gigatons of carbon, or GtC) into and out of the atmosphere.

Living beings absorb carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. After being transferred from one organism to another in intricate molecules, it is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The carbon cycle is this process.

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The reproductive organs

That's an interesting hypothesis to test! Given that you can easily determine whether a plant is infected by observing visible scars on the leaves caused by the pathogenic fungus, you can design an experiment to investigate the relationship between population density and infection rate. Here's a general outline of how you could approach the experiment:

1. Design experimental groups: Divide the plants into different experimental groups with varying population densities. For example, you could have groups with low, moderate, and high population densities.

2. Control group: Include a control group with a standard or low population density for comparison.

3. Random assignment: Randomly assign plants to each group to ensure an unbiased representation.

4. Monitor and record: Regularly observe the plants in each group and record the occurrence of visible scars caused by the pathogenic fungus. This could involve inspecting the leaves at specific intervals or when certain growth stages are reached.

5. Analyze and compare data: Analyze the collected data by comparing the infection rates among the different population density groups. Use appropriate statistical tests to determine if there is a significant relationship between population density and infection rate.

6. Draw conclusions: Based on the analysis, draw conclusions about the hypothesis. Determine whether increased population density correlates with a higher rate of pathogenic fungus infection or if there are other factors influencing the infection rate.

Remember to ensure proper controls, replication of experiments, and consider potential confounding variables that could influence the results.

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Answer:

..............

Explanation:

Answer:

option A is correct

Explanation:

Answer:

They all have leaves, petals, and stems.

Answer:

your awnser is C

Explanation:

Hope that helps :)

Answer:

help... i need somebody.. help.... not just anybody

Explanation:

help

In-situ hybridization experiment can be performed to visualize Lfng expression in embryos and mRNA molecule is assayed. The Hes7 gene encodes a transcription factor protein.

To visualize Lfng expression in embryos, an in-situ experiment can be carried out. This technique allows the detection of specific mRNA molecules within the tissue, indicating the expression of the gene of interest. In this case, Lfng mRNA would be assayed to determine its expression pattern.
Comparing the expression pattern of Lfng in one period of somitogenesis between the wild-type (wt) and Dll3Pu mutants (panels a-f and i-n), Lfng is expressed in the presomitic mesoderm in both genotypes. However, the difference lies in the expression pattern, i.e., the wild-type shows a clear striped pattern while the Dll3Pu mutant shows a more irregular and disrupted pattern.
In panels g and h, when comparing the change in Lfng expression in the two genotypes at time 0 and time +45, the wild-type shows a dynamic oscillatory expression pattern while the Dll3Pu mutant exhibits a more static pattern, with less change over the half somitogenesis cycle.
The Hes7 gene encodes a transcription factor protein, specifically a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of somitogenesis.
When comparing Hes7 expression in the two genotypes, a lack of Dll3 does not significantly alter Hes7 expression levels. However, it does affect the oscillatory pattern of Hes7 expression, leading to a disrupted somite formation process in the Dll3Pu mutants.

In summary, in-situ hybridization can be used to visualize Lfng expression in embryos, and the Lfng mRNA is assayed. Differences in expression patterns between wild-type and Dll3Pu mutants are observed in Lfng and Hes7 expression.  involved in somitogenesis regulation.

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Explanation:

The sugar produced is Glucose. (2)

Cells size can be determine at division through the timing of cell growth and the increase in cell growth. When there is an increase in cell growth, it will eventually lead to an increase in cell size. Cells should grow before dividing. The cell increase in size during interphase. If it does not grow, the cells does not have the ability to synthesize proteins for mitosis. Mitosis will not happen. If the cell did not grow, the cell ceases to progress and could die.

Nonexperimental research refers to studies in which the researcher does not manipulate variables or control the environment but rather observes and measures existing variables as they naturally occur.

Three important types of nonexperimental research are descriptive research, correlational research, and observational research.

Descriptive Research: This type of research involves observing and describing behaviors, characteristics, or phenomena without attempting to establish cause-and-effect relationships. An example of descriptive research is a study that examines the prevalence of smartphone usage among teenagers. Researchers would collect data through surveys or interviews to describe the frequency and patterns of smartphone use in this population.

Correlational Research: Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. It determines whether a relationship exists and the direction and strength of that relationship. For instance, a study investigating the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance in college students would collect data on both variables and analyze their correlation. This type of research helps identify associations but does not determine causality.

Observational Research: Observational research involves observing and documenting behaviors or phenomena in their natural settings. It aims to describe and understand behavior without manipulation. An example could be a study observing parent-child interactions at a playground to understand the dynamics and communication patterns. The researchers would record and analyze the behavior without intervening or influencing the participants.

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Answer:

Thus, nitrogen undergoes many different transformations in the ecosystem, changing from one form to another as organisms use it for growth and, in some cases, energy. The major transformations of nitrogen are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, anammox, and ammonification

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

to be one of the first people to do something:

a person who is among the first to study or develop something

Explanation:

Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by fire.[1] Some lichens grow on rocks without soil, so may be among the first of life forms, and break down the rocks into soil for plants

a (i think)

have a good day

Answer:

the answer is c I think sorry if it's not right

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the Small intestine.

The small intestine is the main site for the absorption of nutrients from food. It is a long, narrow tube with a length of about twenty feet in an adult. It is divided into three segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine is lined with a thick layer of mucosa, containing millions of tiny, finger-like projections called villi.

These villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for increased absorption of nutrients. The mucosa also contains glands which secrete juices that help to break down and digest food. The small intestine absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

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Immunodeficiency disorders that affect polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes include chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD).

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by defects in the ability of phagocytes, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and monocytes, to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are crucial for the destruction of ingested microorganisms, and their absence leads to recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is another immunodeficiency disorder that affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. LAD is characterized by a defect in the adhesion molecules that mediate the attachment and migration of leukocytes to sites of infection or inflammation. This defect impairs the ability of leukocytes to reach the site of infection and effectively eliminate pathogens, resulting in recurrent and severe bacterial infections.

Both CGD and LAD are rare genetic disorders that can lead to significant immune system dysfunction. Diagnosis is typically made through laboratory tests that assess the functional capabilities of leukocytes. Treatment may involve antimicrobial therapy, immunomodulatory agents, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation to replace the defective immune cells. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for individuals with these immunodeficiency disorders.

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