subcellular transcriptome alterations in a cell culture model of spinal muscular atrophy point to widespread defects in axonal growth and presynaptic differentiation
Answers
Subcellular transcriptome alterations in a cell culture model of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) reveal widespread defects in axonal growth and presynaptic differentiation. The study focused on investigating the molecular changes occurring at the level of gene expression within different cellular compartments in a cell culture model of SMA.
By analyzing the subcellular transcriptome, the researchers identified significant alterations in gene expression patterns related to axonal growth and presynaptic differentiation.
These findings suggest that SMA leads to disruptions in the normal development and functioning of axons, the long projections of neurons, resulting in impaired axonal growth. Additionally, defects in the expression of genes involved in presynaptic differentiation indicate disturbances in the establishment and maintenance of proper connections between neurons.
Understanding these subcellular transcriptome alterations provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of SMA. It highlights the cellular processes that are compromised in the disease, particularly in relation to axonal growth and synaptic development. Such knowledge can contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of SMA and potentially improving the outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.
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Related Questions
A population of squirrels is separated into two groups by flooding and sea level rise, which brings in a new stream. The squirrels can’t cross the stream. Over time, the two populations become increasingly different and when members of the population are united, they are unable to reproduce together. This is an example of
A. spontaneous generation
B. sympatric speciation
C. the bottleneck effect
D. allopatric speciation
Answers
A population of squirrels was divided into two groups and over time, the two populations become increasingly different, and when members of the population are reunited, they are unable to reproduce together. This is an example of sympatric speciation. The correct answer is B.
What is speciation?Speciation is the process of forming new species from existing ones. When members of a population become isolated from each other, they can evolve into separate species over time. Sympatric and allopatric are the two types of speciation.
What is allopatric speciation?When members of a population are geographically separated and evolve into different species, it's called allopatric speciation. A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or an ocean, may create this separation.
What is sympatric speciation?Sympatric speciation occurs when members of a population become reproductively isolated without being physically separated. Sympatric speciation may occur as a result of differences in mating behaviors or preferences, the formation of polyploids, or the differentiation of microhabitats within the same geographic region..
A population of squirrels was divided into two groups by flooding and sea level rise, and the squirrels are unable to cross the stream. Over time, the two populations become increasingly different, and when members of the population are reunited, they are unable to reproduce together.
This is a great example of sympatric speciation, which occurs when members of a population become reproductively isolated without being physically separated.
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It stimulates the secretion of steroids from the reproductive glands.
Answers
Answer: Hypothalamic GnRH stimulates the gonadotroph to synthesize and release both FSH and LH which stimulate the gonads to produce sex steroid hormones and regulate germ cell function.
which statement best describes unreplicated chromosomes in a 2n cell where n=3 and in a 3n=6 cell.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The 2n and 3n cells will both have 6 chromosomes; however, the 2n cell will have 3 different types of chromosomes and the 3n cell will have 2 different types of chromosomes.
When we write a ploidy number the "n" refers to the number of different types of chromosomes in a set and the number that precedes "n" indicates the number of sets present.
Hope this helps!!!
What is the benefit of having some of the cellular organelles enclosed by a membrane similar to the plasma membrane
Answers
Answer:
Like the plasma membrane, organelle membranes function to keep the inside "in" and the outside "out." This partitioning permits different kinds of biochemical reactions to take place in different organelles.
Similar to the plasma membrane, the membranes of cell organelles functions in order to keep the internal atmosphere of the organelle separate with respect from its outer environment.
What do you mean by Cell organelles?Cell organelles may be defined as one of the functional characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Cell organelles are specialized structures that significantly perform various functions inside cells in order to assist living organisms. These are compartmentalized structures.
Some examples of membrane-bound cell organelles are mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, etc.
One more specific property of membranes of cell organelles is that they authorize numerous kinds of biochemical reactions to occur inside each distinct organelle. For example, ATP synthesis or energy production in the mitochondria, photosynthesis in the chloroplast, etc.
Therefore, make the separation between the internal environment of the organelle with respect to its outer atmosphere is the characteristic feature of the membranes.
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HELP MEEE,!!!!! PLEASE
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
spindle fibers are important during metaphase. division stops without them.
3. a recently developed test for detecting fetal duchenne's muscular dystrophy is ________.
Answers
Amniocentesis is a freshly established test for identifying fetal duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
What is tested for during an amniocentesis?Amniocentesis is a test that may be recommended to you during pregnancy to determine whether your unborn child has a chromosomal or genetic disorder like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, or Patau's syndrome.
What exactly does an amniocentesis entail?A little sample of amniotic fluid is removed during an amniocentesis operation for testing. This is the fluid that a pregnant woman's fetus is enclosed in. The amniotic fluid shields the fetus from harm and is transparent and pale yellow in color. provides infection protection.
What takes place after a positive amniocentesis test?If the test yields a positive result, the fetus may have the genetic disorder. To confirm this, more testing are sometimes required.
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Which of the following is NOT part of an animal cell
1.cell wall
2.cell membrane
3.ribosomes
4.cytoplasm
5.vacuoles
Answers
3. Were there any stages of the cell cycle that you did not observe? How can you explain this using evidence from the cell cycle? 4. As a cell grows, what happens to its surface area to volume ratio? (Hint: Think of a balloon being blown up). How does this ratio change with respect to cell division? 5. What is the function of mitosis in a cell that is about to divide? 6. What would happen if mitosis were uncontrolled? 7. How accurate were your time predictions for each stage of the cell cycle? 8. Discuss one observation that you found interesting while looking at the onion root tip cells.
Answers
Answer:
The surface area of the cell increases to volume ratio
Explanation:
As a cell grows, the surface area of the cell increases to volume ratio. When cell division occurs, the surface area is distributed and each daughter cell have less surface area but with the passage of time, the surface area increases. The main function of mitosis is to increase the population of the cell, the cell must be divided into two daughter cells in the process of mitosis. Tumors occurs when the process of mitosis is uncontrollable. One observation that is found interesting while looking at the onion root tip cells is the multiplication of the cells by the process of mitosis.
When The extent of the cell increases to volume ratio.
How does the extent increase?As a cell increases, the expanse of the cell increases to volume ratio. When the organic process occurs, the extent is distributed and every cell features a more diminutive area but with time, the area increases. the most procedure of mitosis is to extend the population of the cell, the cell must be divided into two daughter cells within the procedure of mitosis. Tumors arise when the method of mitosis is uncontrollable. One mention that's found fascinating while glancing at the onion root tip cells is that the proliferation of the cells by the process
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the new cell formed by the union of the spermatozoon and the ovum is the
Answers
The zygote is the first stage of spermatozoon development in a new individual organism, and it contains the genetic material from both the sperm and the egg.
It is formed through the process of fertilization, which occurs when a sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes an egg cell. The zygote then begins to divide and grow, eventually developing into an embryo and eventually into a fetus. The new cell formed by the union of the spermatozoon and the ovum is called a zygote. This cell contains the genetic material from both the male and female parents and has the potential to develop into a new individual.
This process takes place in the female reproductive system, usually in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization occurs, the zygote begins to divide and grow rapidly, forming a blastocyst. The blastocyst then implants itself in the lining of the uterus, where it continues to develop into an embryo and eventually into a fetus. During the process of development, the zygote goes through several stages, including cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis, before it becomes a fully formed fetus.
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Help plssss brainliest involved
Answers
Answer:
\(a) objective = 4x \: \times 4x = 16x \\ b)4x \: \times 10x = 40x \\ c)40x \times 10x = 400x\)
How does cells denatured
Answers
Answer:
when they do not have enough energy to work
Which of these structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Chloroplasts
4. Mitochondria
1 and 4
2 and 3
3 and 4
1 and 2
Answers
Answer:
the answer for your question is 3 and 4
What information does relative dating provide to paleontologists?
Answers
Answer: Age related info
Explanation: It gives idea about the age of fossils and through this one can compare two fossils existense at same time and give their relation
Which type of density do you think puts more of a strain on the environment? Why?
Answers
High population density puts more strain on the environment because it leads to greater demand for resources and increased pollution.
A high population density means more people are living in a particular area, which in turn increases the demand for resources such as water, food, and energy. This leads to a greater strain on the environment, as more resources need to be extracted, produced, and transported, resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution.
High population densities also put pressure on natural habitats, as land is cleared for housing and infrastructure. This can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and destruction of ecosystems.
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Jorge is studying a pond ecosystem in his neighborhood. The pond is home to a variety of plant and animal species, as well as a stop for birds that migrate through the region.
One summer, heavy rains wash an unusual amount of fertilizer into the pond. Jorge observes the algae population growing rapidly, and quickly algae cover the pond's surface. Several weeks later, many fish and other animals die in the pond. However, within two years, the algae population has returned to its previous size, as have the populations of all the ecosystem members.
Jorge's observations provide the strongest evidence for which of the following conclusions about the pond?
A. The pond ecosystem has very high biodiversity that protects it from invasive species.
B. The pond ecosystem is resilient to changes in many abiotic and biotic factors.
C. The pond ecosystem can withstand only certain levels of algal growth.
D. The pond ecosystem may change over time, but its species will continue living there indefinitely.
Answers
Answer:
I think that the answer is C.
Explanation:
If the levels of algae were too high then it would be the reason as to why the fish died. When the algae went back to normal,the fish were able to live there again.
I hope that helps!
Answer:
C.The pond ecosystem can withstand only certain levels of algal growth.
Explanation:
On what islands did Charles Darwin do his study on biodiversity?
Answers
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Question 2
If a Yellow jellyfish was crossed with a Goober(green) jellyfish what would be the possible
genotypes of the offspring?
Note: the order of the alleles does not matter in the answer.
Answers
The possible genotype of the green offspring is yy, i.e., recessive one and will express only in absence of dominant allele.
What is genotype?In a broad sense, the word "genotype" refers to an organism's genetic makeup; in other words, it describes an organism's entire set of genes.In a narrower sense, the term can refer to the alleles, or variant forms of a gene, that an organism carries.A genotype is a classification of the type of variant found at a specific location (i.e., a locus) in the genome.Symbols can be used to represent it. For example, the letters BB, Bb, bb could be used to represent a specific variant in a gene.In the given scenario, Y is dominant allele which will express in combination with y means the recessive one.Thus, for expressing the green allele, it should be yy.We know that the color of jellyfish is controlled by codominance inheritance pattern and yellow Y and blue B are two alleles and in case of heterozygous the goober or green color occurs then,If Yellow jellyfish is crossed with goober, that is, YY X YB. the Punnett square will be -Y Y
Y YY YY
B YB YB
The possible genotype of offspring will be YY, and YB and therefore, the possible phenotype of offspring will be Yellow, and Green. The Percentage of yellow offspring will be 50% as two out of four are dominant for Y allele and two heterozygous conditions that is 50 % and as there are two copies B alleles are not present so zero percent of blue color.To learn more about genotypes refer to:
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please help me quick!! 40 points
Answers
Answer:
I think it is True, False, False
Explanation:
I am very sorry if i am incorrect
May god bless you and have a good day
If you learned that the results of DNA testing showed that two people have identical DNA, what might you conclude?
Answers
Answer:
The two people are identical twins or the samples were compromised in some way.
Explanation:
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during (Check all that apply.)- anaphase I of meiosis- metaphase I of meiosis- anaphase II of meiosis- anaphase of mitosis
Answers
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during Anaphase I of meiosis, Anaphase II of meiosis and Anaphase of mitosis
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposing poles of the cell during anaphase I and anaphase II, respectively.
This is an important phase in the segregation of genetic material during meiosis, which leads to the creation of haploid gametes.
Sister chromatids are split and sent to opposing poles of the cell during anaphase of mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell obtains a complete and identical set of genetic material.
This is an important phase in cell division and is required for multicellular organisms to grow and develop.
Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate during meiosis, however sister chromatids are still bound together by cohesion.
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Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during Anaphase I of meiosis, Anaphase II of meiosis and Anaphase of mitosis
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposing poles of the cell during anaphase I and anaphase II, respectively. This is an important phase in the segregation of genetic material during meiosis, which leads to the creation of haploid gametes.
Sister chromatids are split and sent to opposing poles of the cell during anaphase of mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell obtains a complete and identical set of genetic material.
This is an important phase in cell division and is required for multicellular organisms to grow and develop.
Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate during meiosis, however sister chromatids are still bound together by cohesion.
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what is the correct order of protein production?
1) ribosome
2) endoplasmic reticulum
3) secretory vesicles
4) golgy apparatus
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 2,4,3,1
c) 1,2,4,3
d) 3,2,4,1
Answers
Answer:
The correct order of protein production is:
c) 1,2,4,3
Ribosome: Protein synthesis begins in the ribosomes, which are located either in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: After the initial stages of protein synthesis in the ribosomes, the newly synthesized protein is transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for further processing and modification.
Golgi Apparatus: The proteins synthesized in the ER undergo further processing and modifications in the Golgi apparatus. This includes sorting, packaging, and modifying the proteins to their final functional forms.
Secretory Vesicles: Once the proteins are properly processed and modified in the Golgi apparatus, they are packaged into secretory vesicles. These vesicles transport the proteins to their destination, such as the plasma membrane for secretion outside the cell.
Therefore, the correct order is 1, 2, 4, 3.
Answer:
The correct order of protein production is ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. So the correct answer would be c) 1,2,4,3.
Many proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and secretion from the cell are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus then distributes these proteins and lipids that it receives from the ER.
Explain the process of radiometric dating using the following terms: isotopes, decay,
half-life, parent isotope, daughter isotope (Write your answer in at least 3 complete e
sentences)
Answers
Radiometric dating
is a process that uses the decay of isotopes to determine the
age
of an
object.
In the process of radiometric dating, the
isotopes
of
radioactive elements
are used. The parent isotope is the isotope that decays, and the daughter isotope is the isotope that is produced by the decay. The
half-life
of an isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the isotopes to
decay.
To date, an object, the amount of the
parent isotope
and the amount of the daughter isotope are measured. The ratio of the parent isotope to the
daughter isotope
can be used to determine the age of the object. The half-life of the isotope is used to calculate the
age
of the object.
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Of the following traits that are associated with being human, which evolved most recently?
a. upright walking
b. ability to control fire
c. social communication
d. big brain
Answers
Of the following traits that are associated with being human, the one that evolved most recently is the ability to control fire. While upright walking, social communication, and a big brain are also important traits associated with being human, the ability to control fire is believed to have developed around 1.5 million years ago, which is relatively recent in terms of human evolution.
The trait that evolved most recently among the options provided is the ability to control fire (b). Upright walking, social communication, and the big brain evolved earlier in human history.
Upright walking, also known as bipedalism, is a defining trait of the human species. It refers to the ability to walk on two legs, with the torso upright and the feet supporting the body's weight.
Some key traits of upright walking include:
An S-shaped spine: Our spine has a unique S-shaped curve that helps to distribute weight evenly over our legs and feet while standing and walking.
Longer legs: Compared to our primate relatives, humans have longer legs relative to their body size. This helps to position our feet directly under our center of gravity, improving balance and stability.
Arched feet: The arches in our feet act like springs, absorbing shock and providing energy during each step.
Shorter arms: Unlike other primates, humans have shorter arms relative to their body size. This is because longer arms would interfere with our ability to walk upright.
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A cat food company wants to know if a new hairball formula food will affect the g
amount of hairballs produced by long haired cats. A study is done with 80 long haired cats. Group A gets the new food. Group B gets regular food. Both groups are given the food for 4 weeks. The amount of hairballs produced in each group is counted. Both groups get the same amount of water, exercise, cage conditions and brushing.
Independent variable:
Constants/controlled variables:
Control group:
What is the hypothesis?
Dependent variable:
Experimental group:
Answers
Answer: Give your cat a specialized “hairball formula” cat food. Many pet food manufacturers now make hairball-reduction cat foods. These high-fiber
Explanation:
HELP HELP HELP HELP HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPandrew owns a pair of metal tongs that have wooden handles.
The metal tongs are conductors.
The wooden handles are conductors.
Both the handles and the tongs are insulators.
Both the handles and the tongs are conductors.
Answers
Answer:
the metal tongs are conducters
Explanation:
the wood will prevent you from burning you hand but if you touch the metal part your hand will burn
genetic drift simulation:
When you look at your chart, what did you notice about the fluctuations? What would you expect to see over time? were you ever close to losing an allele?
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
The consequences of genetic drift are numerous. It leads to random changes in allele frequencies. Drift causes fixation of alleles through the loss of alleles or genotypes. Drift can lead to the fixation or loss of entire genotypes in clonal (asexual) organisms
8) What happened in factories during this time? What did all of this cause?
Answers
During the Industrial Revolution, factories were tiny and enclosed locations. They were frequently built without windows or sufficient ventilation
what does factories means ?
a structure or collection of buildings having facilities for the manufacturing of commodities.
any location that produces a homogenous product with little regard for individuality:
They call it a legal school, but it's really just a degree mill.
(previously) a place of business for factors and merchants doing business in another nation.
A plant is a structure or set of buildings where items are made.
Check out the factory ship.
A foreign business establishment for commercial agents or factors.
A rock band that was a hit-tune factory; a hotel that acted as an illicit narcotics factory were the sources of prolific output.
During the Industrial Revolution, factories were tiny and enclosed locations. They were frequently built without windows or sufficient ventilation, and as a result, the machinery rapidly caused the factory's interior temperature to rise substantially. All of this combined to make the workers' situation dreadful.
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which best describes how scientists found the human gene that makes insulin
Answers
Answer:
They used the amino acid code to find the DNA base sequence.
Explanation:
Answer: The scientists made use of amino acid to find the DNA base sequence.
Your question sounds like an MCQ. This is the correct answer if it's in the options.
I want to design an experiment to see if drinking coffee makes students
score higher on tests. List 1 necessary constant.
Answers
Answer:
The type of coffee
Explanation:
Different types of coffee contain different amounts of caffeine. This makes it important to use only one type of coffee
Constant is the one thing that does not change. If you are experimenting to see if they test better with coffee, you'll need to give each student the same amount of coffee throughout each trial.
How could free needle exchanges reduce transmission of HIV in drug users?
Answers
Answer:
They will be able to exchange their used needles for new clean safe ones so that they aren’t using the needles of someone else who possibly has HIV
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- Todo ❤️
Explanation: