Answer:
True
Explanation:
im not for sure but i think im right
In the quantity discount model, the optimum quantity will always be found on the lowest total cost curve.
a) true
b) false
In the quantity discount model, the optimum quantity is not always be found on the lowest total cost curve. Therefore, it's false.
What is optimum quantity?It should be noted that optimum quantity simply means the economic quantity that is purchased.
In this case, in quantity discount model, the optimum quantity is not always be found on the lowest total cost curve. Therefore, it's false.
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What is the Importance of Public Personnel Management?
Public personnel management is crucial for the effective functioning of public sector organizations. It encompasses the policies, practices, and processes involved in managing the human resources of government agencies at various levels.
The importance of public personnel management can be understood from several perspectives:
1. Efficient Service Delivery: Public personnel management ensures that government agencies have competent and motivated employees who can efficiently deliver public services. By recruiting, selecting, and retaining the right people for the job, personnel management contributes to enhancing the quality and responsiveness of public services.
2. Merit-Based System: Public personnel management promotes a merit-based system where individuals are hired and promoted based on their qualifications, skills, and performance rather than favoritism or nepotism. This helps to build a professional and competent workforce and fosters public trust and confidence in government institutions.
3. Employee Development: Personnel management plays a crucial role in providing training and development opportunities to public sector employees. Continuous learning and skill enhancement programs enable employees to adapt to changing work requirements, improve their performance, and contribute effectively to organizational goals.
4. Fairness and Equity: Effective personnel management ensures fairness and equity in the treatment of employees. It establishes transparent and standardized processes for recruitment, performance evaluation, promotion, and disciplinary actions, reducing the likelihood of discrimination and promoting a culture of fairness and equality.
5. Workforce Planning: Public personnel management involves strategic workforce planning to anticipate and address future human resource needs. By identifying skills gaps, succession planning, and implementing effective recruitment and retention strategies, it ensures that the organization has the right people with the right skills in the right positions.
6. Employee Engagement and Morale: Public personnel management practices, such as performance recognition, rewards, and employee involvement, contribute to higher levels of employee engagement and morale. Engaged employees are more likely to be motivated, committed, and productive, leading to improved organizational performance.
In conclusion, public personnel management is essential for efficient and effective public service delivery, promoting a merit-based system, developing employees, ensuring fairness and equity, strategic workforce planning, and enhancing employee engagement. By focusing on the management of human resources, public sector organizations can achieve their objectives and serve the needs of the public more effectively.
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Some of the forklifts we use in the distribution centers will have to be replaced in the second quarter of the 2023 financial year, and we have to start thinking about it soon! We always purchased the forklifts outright from available cash resources or funded them by borrowing the required funding from the bank. We have recently learnt that many companies choose to lease their forklifts. These forklifts normally last a good ten years if we take good care of them. Prepare some relevant information that needs to be considered in a decision to lease or purchase?
Report on the following:
● Different options in the market
● Accounting treatment of the options
● Tax implications of the options
● Cost differentials and
● Cash flow implications
What would the correct decision be for the company.
Different options in the market:
The distribution center has two options when it comes to replacing its forklifts – leasing or purchasing. With leasing, the center would use the forklifts for a specified period, usually a few years, and then return them to the leasing company. On the other hand, purchasing the forklifts will give the center permanent ownership of the forklifts.
Accounting treatment of the options:
Leasing forklifts is treated as an operating expense that is reflected in the income statement. The lease payments are recorded as expenses over the life of the lease. However, purchased forklifts are treated as a fixed asset that is depreciated over their useful life. The depreciation expense is recognized over several accounting periods on the income statement.
Tax implications of the options:
Leasing forklifts can provide significant tax savings for the business as the lease payments are fully tax-deductible expenses in the financial year they are made. In contrast, depreciation and interest expense for purchased forklifts are deductible over several years, so tax deductions are delayed.
Cost differentials and cash flow implications:
Leasing forklifts would result in lower upfront costs and lower monthly payments compared to purchasing, but the total cost of leasing is typically higher over the long term. In contrast, purchasing requires a substantial upfront payment or a loan, but the total cost is lower over the long term. Cash flow implications of purchasing include funding the entire upfront cost of the forklifts and paying for any maintenance and repairs needed over the lifetime of the forklifts, while cash flow implications of leasing include lower upfront costs but higher monthly payments, which will reduce available cash flow in the short term.
What would the correct decision be for the company:
The company should decide based on its financial situation, long-term business planning, and cash flow requirements. If the company has a limited budget, a short-term need for the forklifts, or requires the latest models frequently, leasing may be a better option. But if the company values ownership, anticipates long-term use or higher utilization, and has the cash resources or access to financing, purchasing may be the more cost-effective option. The decision should consider the financial implications, tax considerations, and cash flow requirements of either option.
your client wants to enter the milk market in a new country. One company holds 28% of the market share in that country, while the remaining share of the market is highly fragmented among numerous smaller companies. Your client intends to establish a long-term presence in the market and has sufficient capital to maneuver before and after entry.
Which of the following should you advise your client about entering the market?
- Market entry is not feasible as the client will be forced to compete among the smaller players.
- market entry will not pose difficulties at all as the client can simply drive out smaller players and establish its business subsequently.
- the client should consider acquiring one or more existing companies with established infrastructure and presence in the market.
- the client should consider entering the country in a product category with greater market fragmentation instead of challenging the dominant company in the milk sector.
The client should consider acquiring existing companies with established infrastructure and presence in the market to establish a long-term presence in the milk market in the new country. Option C.
Entering a market with a dominant player holding a significant market share can be challenging, especially when the remaining share is fragmented among numerous smaller companies.
Competing directly with the dominant player may require substantial resources, time, and effort to gain market share and establish a strong presence.
Therefore, acquiring existing companies with established infrastructure and market presence can provide several advantages for the client's entry into the market.
By acquiring existing companies, the client can leverage their established distribution networks, customer base, and brand recognition.
This approach allows for a faster market entry, as the client can immediately tap into the acquired company's resources and customer relationships.
It also provides an opportunity to consolidate market share and strengthen the client's position by combining the acquired companies' assets with the client's expertise and resources.
Acquiring existing companies can also provide valuable insights into the local market dynamics, consumer preferences, and regulatory environment. This knowledge can help the client navigate the market more effectively and adapt their strategies accordingly.
Option A, stating that market entry is not feasible as the client will be forced to compete among the smaller players, may not be the best advice since the client has sufficient capital to maneuver before and after entry.
Option B, suggesting that market entry will not pose difficulties as the client can simply drive out smaller players and establish its business subsequently, may overlook the challenges and risks associated with directly competing against the dominant player and underestimates the potential complexities of the market.
Option D, proposing that the client should consider entering a product category with greater market fragmentation instead of challenging the dominant company in the milk sector, may be a viable alternative.
However, given the client's intention to establish a long-term presence and sufficient capital, acquiring existing companies in the milk sector would provide a more strategic and focused approach.
In summary, advising the client to consider acquiring one or more existing companies with established infrastructure and presence in the market would be a prudent strategy to establish a long-term presence in the milk market in the new country. So Option C is correct.
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Discuss
any
four ways in which Specialization has
improved the economic development of Nigeria.
Answer:
fixing electricity in Nigeria.
discouraging insurgency in Nigeria.
patronizing Nigerian made products.
improvement of law and order.
Question I - Debbie Debtor borrowed $1,000.00 from First Big Bank. Debbie Debtor agreed to repay the $1,000.00 over eight months plus interest. Debbie Debtor loses her job and stops making payments to First Big Bank after two months. What is the source of law that governs the subsequent remedies that may be available to First Big Bank? Question II - Eddie Embezzler has worked for Betty Boss for many years as an accountant. During his employment, Eddie has taken thousands of dollars from Betty’s business. As a result, Betty has suffered. Did Eddie violate a criminal law, a civil law, or both? Explain.
Answer:
(1). Check Explanation.
(2). Under both laws.
Explanation:
(1). Many times, things do not go as one wishes as this is the case of Debbie Debtor in the question above. Debbie Debtor is unable to repay her debt and no matter what the First Big Bank must collect their money back. The ways in which First Big Bank will collect their money back is governed by the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA).
The money can be collected ( if the loan is secured) from the the guarantors or if the bank has taken a mortgage on the loan, the property can be collected by the bank.
(II). Eddie violated both the criminal law and the civil law because embezzlement( a statutory offence) is different from theft(so, we can't really say that it is a criminal case or it violates the criminal law).
Embezzlement is about converting another's person properties into your own. The judgement depends on the kind of property or the situation in which the fund or the properties are embezzled.
What principle of corporate governance requires companies to operate in ways that respect the social and legal relationships they have with employees and creditors, among others?
A. Interests of other stakeholders
B. Integrity and ethical behavior
C. Integrity and ethical behavior
D. Disclosure and transparency
Answer:B
Explanation:
(Economics)
In an essay of at least two well-developed paragraphs, explain the global benefits of international trade and multinational corporations.
International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across national borders. It plays a significant role in promoting economic growth and providing several global benefits.
One of the primary advantages of international trade is that it allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. This means that countries can focus on producing goods that they can produce more efficiently and at a lower cost compared to other countries. As a result, resources are allocated more efficiently, leading to increased productivity and higher standards of living.Furthermore, international trade enables countries to access a wider variety of goods and services that may not be available domestically. This increases consumer choices and provides opportunities for individuals to enjoy a higher quality of life. For example, consumers in a landlocked country can still enjoy fresh seafood by importing it from coastal countries. Similarly, individuals in colder climates can purchase tropical fruits from countries where they are grown.Multinational corporations (MNCs) also contribute to the global benefits of international trade. These are companies that operate in multiple countries, with business activities ranging from production to distribution. MNCs play a crucial role in facilitating international trade by establishing global supply chains, investing in foreign markets, and creating jobs. They bring capital, technology, and managerial expertise to host countries, which can lead to economic development and improved living standards.Moreover, MNCs often engage in research and development (R&D) activities, driving innovation and technological advancements. This can have far-reaching benefits for both the host country and the global economy. For instance, a multinational pharmaceutical company conducting R&D in a developing country may discover new drugs or medical treatments that can benefit people worldwide.In conclusion, international trade and multinational corporations provide numerous global benefits. They promote specialization, resource allocation efficiency, and access to a wider variety of goods and services. Additionally, MNCs contribute to economic development, job creation, innovation, and technological advancements. Overall, international trade and MNCs play a crucial role in fostering economic growth and improving the well-being of individuals and nations around the world.
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what is the minimum wage for SA
the new National Minimum Wage for South Africa has been made public by the Department of Employment and Labour. Starting on March 1st, 2023, the current minimum wage of R23,19 per hour will increase to R25,42 per hour (an increase of around 9,6%).
The minimal amount of compensation that an employer is compelled to pay wage earners for the job completed during a particular period, which cannot be reduced by a collective agreement or an individual contract, is referred to as the "minimum wage."The South African government may impose penalties on employers who fail to pay the minimum wage. If a defined weekly wage is used, the monthly wage is multiplied by 4.33. If an hourly rate is specified, it is computed as 4.33 times the weekly average.
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Given the information below, calculate the net cash provided from operating activities for Baskin Peter Pty. Ltd.
Receipts from customers $279,247
Payments for property, plant & equipment $42,310
Interest paid $4,231
Proceeds from issue shares $25,836
Payments to supplier and employees $220,013
Repayment of borrowings $53,331
GST paid $16,924
Payments for motor vehicle $37,985
Interest received $6,770
Select one:
$61,773
$44,849
$55,345
$49,080
why would it probably be a surprise to a stockbroker when a stock is priced very low and then goes on to increase in value quite suddenly?
Answer:
Well, it started low and suddenly started to go up. It's something that just isn't expected especially in stocks.
Market research can help you strategize your _______ and _______ goals.
Primary research is more _______ than secondary research.
Your first marketing priority is to find out if you can _______ your product or services.
The grouping of people for marketing purposes is called _______.
Once you find out what people want, there’s a need to know the _______ for their choices.
Market research can help you strategize your business and marketing goals.
Primary research is more specific and tailored to your specific needs than secondary research.
Your first marketing priority is to find out if you can sell your product or services.
The grouping of people for marketing purposes is called segmentation.
Once you find out what people want, there's a need to know the motivations for their choices.
Market research plays a critical role in shaping business and marketing strategies by providing valuable insights into customer preferences, market trends, and competitive landscapes. It helps in identifying target markets, understanding customer needs, and developing effective strategies to achieve business and marketing goals.
By conducting research, businesses can gather data and information to inform their decision-making and ensure that their goals are aligned with customer expectations and market opportunities.
Primary research involves gathering firsthand data directly from the source, such as through surveys, interviews, or observations. It is more specific and focused on the unique needs and objectives of a particular study. Secondary research, on the other hand, involves using existing data and information from published sources.
While secondary research provides a broader understanding of a topic, primary research allows for more control and customization of the research process to address specific research objectives.
When launching a new product or service, one of the primary marketing priorities is to determine if there is a demand for it in the market.
Market research helps in assessing the viability and potential success of a product or service by gathering insights on customer preferences, needs, and market conditions. This information enables businesses to make informed decisions about product development, positioning, pricing, and marketing strategies.
Segmentation is the process of grouping individuals with similar characteristics or behaviors into distinct segments for marketing purposes.
By segmenting the market, businesses can target specific groups that are most likely to be interested in their products or services. Market segmentation allows for more personalized and targeted marketing strategies, resulting in better customer engagement and increased marketing effectiveness.
Once businesses identify what people want through market research, it becomes crucial to understand the motivations behind their choices. This involves delving deeper into the underlying reasons, preferences, and factors that drive consumer behavior.
By understanding the motivations behind consumer choices, businesses can tailor their marketing messages, product features, and overall customer experience to better align with customer needs and increase the chances of success in the market.
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What can Lena do to avoid the risk of having short supplies in times of need?
Lena works in an artificial jewelry-manufacturing unit. It is a family run business, and they have been depending on a single supplier for years.
As Lena is a proactive person, she can avoid the risk of being in short supplies of raw material by keeping a _______ supplier for every one main supplier.
Answer:
Backup
Explanation:
Answer:
Backup
Explanation:
Correct on Plato
Dents and Dings Auto Body buys paint with a list price of $33,000. If the supplier extends trade discounts of 30/35/20, what is the trade discount amount?
• $1,617
• $12,012
• $20,988
• $31,383
Answer:
20,988
Explanation:
in preparation of standard cost we consider what situation macroeconomics or microeconomics???
When preparing standard costs, we primarily consider microeconomics, which is the study of the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries. Standard cost is the estimated cost of producing a unit of product or service, based on historical data and budgeted costs.
It is used as a benchmark to compare actual costs with expected costs and to analyze the variances between them. In order to determine standard costs, we need to consider the cost of each individual input such as direct materials, direct labor, and overheads. This analysis is done at the microeconomic level because it involves the behavior and decision-making of individual firms and their interactions with suppliers, customers, and competitors.
The macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and unemployment rates may also have an impact on the cost of production but these are generally outside the scope of standard cost analysis. Therefore, while macroeconomics can indirectly influence the cost of production, the focus of standard cost analysis remains on the microeconomic factors that affect the cost of individual inputs.
Overall, standard cost preparation involves a detailed microeconomic analysis to determine the estimated cost of producing a product or service, which is then compared with the actual costs to identify any variances and improve the cost efficiency of the firm.
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The business case for why companies should act in a socially responsible manner includes: Select one: a. It generates internal benefits including employee recruiting, workforce retention, training, and improved worker productivity b. It reduces the risk of reputation-damaging incidents c. It is in the best interest of shareholders and offers potential for increased buyer patronage d. All of the above
Answer:
d. All of the above
Explanation:
All alternatives are correct due to the fact that when a company acts in a socially responsible manner, it achieves several internal and strategic benefits that help in the success of the business.
Currently, organizations are no longer just profitable entities but are also promoters of positive social transformations for the locality in which they operate and for the world.
Being socially responsible includes having benefit programs for stakeholders, which includes improving the perception with which the company is seen, generating a position that attracts shareholders, retains employees, generates greater job satisfaction, which increases productivity and retention of staff.
Generally, corporate governance programs include the review and culture of continuous improvement of organizational processes, which reduces costs, risks and waste, which contributes to the generation of competitive and profitable advantages for the organization.
Meetings are a good place to decide what business to discuss.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
It is a true statement that meetings are a good place to decide what business to discuss.
Why are meetings good place to decide what business to discuss?When teams plan to discuss ideas, share information or offer solutions to workplace challenges, they might schedule meetings to review these items. This provides coworkers with a collaborative space to freely express opinions and update each other on current tasks.
When conducting a meeting, consider sending an agenda and informing employees of the meeting's topic beforehand to ensure it's productive and engaging. Hence, it is true that meetings are a good place to decide what business to discuss. because it means that you can discuss whatever you want with team since everyone has gathered.
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02. Which of the following is not a general management function during staffing? (a) Employee training and development (b) Employee performance appraisal (c) Development of employee according to expertise (d) Follow-up by the manager who delegated the responsibility
Development of employee according to competence is not a generic management function during staffing.
What are the four objectives of performance reviews?y identifying employees' skills and weaknesses, put the right people in the right jobs. to maintain and assess a person's capacity for growth. to provide employees with feedback on their work and pertinent status.
What do supervisors often concentrate on the given statement?Managing a team is one of a supervisor's most crucial responsibilities. Supervisors frequently organise and lead the team's efforts to finish a task. Supervisors are responsible for setting goals, communicating them, and assessing team performance in which we describe everything.
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What are the advantages of first recording transactions in the journal and then posting to the ledger?
The advantages of first recording transactions in the journal and then posting to the ledger are:
it discloses in one place the complete effects of a transactionit provides a chronological record of transactions.What is journal in accounting?A journal is a physical record or digital document kept as a book, spreadsheet, or data within accounting software for accounting purposes. When a business transaction occurs, the financial transaction is recorded as a journal entry by a bookkeeper. If the expense or income has an impact on one or more business accounts, the journal entry will include that information as well.
Journaling is an important component of objective record-keeping because it allows for concise reviews and records-transfer later in the accounting process. Journals, along with the general ledger, are frequently reviewed as part of a trade or audit process. Sales, expenses, cash movements, inventory, and debt are common items recorded in a journal.
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Jimmy export copra to Australia for A $5000 when exchange rate IS KI= A$0.50 What is the total revenue earn from the export?
The total revenue earned from export is 10,000KI.
To calculate the total revenue earned from the export, multiply the amount of copra exported by the exchange rate.
Given:
Amount of copra exported = A$5000
Exchange rate: 1 KI = A$0.50
Total revenue = Amount of copra exported * Exchange rate
Total revenue = A$5000 * KI/A$0.50
Simplifying the expression:
Total revenue = A$5000 / (A$0.50/KI)
To divide by a fraction, we can multiply by its reciprocal:
Total revenue = A$5000 * (KI/A$0.50)
Calculating the product:
Total revenue = 5,000 * 2KI
Total revenue = 10,000KI
Therefore, the total revenue earned from the export of copra to Australia is 10,000KI.
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The complete income acquired from trade is 10,000KI. To work out the absolute income acquired from the product, duplicate how much copra traded by the swapping scale.
Exchange includes the exchange of labor and products starting with one individual or substance then onto the next, frequently in return for cash. Financial experts allude to a framework or organization that permits exchange as a market.
An early type of exchange, trade, saw the immediate trade of labor and products for different merchandise and services,[1] for example exchanging things without the utilization of money.
Current income merchants by and large haggle through a mode of trade, like cash. Subsequently, purchasing can be isolated from selling, or acquiring. The innovation of cash (and letter of credit, paper cash, and non-actual cash) incredibly streamlined and advanced exchange.
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In the liquidation of a partnership, any gain or loss on the realization of non-cash assets should be allocated:_____.
a. first to creditors and the remainder to partners.
b. to the partners on the basis of their capital balances.
c. only after all creditors have been paid.
d. to the partners on the basis of their income-sharing ratio.
Answer:
D. To the partners on the basis of their income-sharing ratio.
Explanation:
Partnership liquidation can be easily seen to come into existence indefinitely through periodic changes within the ownership, they are seen to occur by circumstances which are totally uncommon occurrence.
The form of the dissolution is irrelevant, whether by absenting by personal decision of individual member or wholesale departure and formal liquidation. The end result will be the same. The primary dream of these harmonious and synchronical growth of the firm will be seen to come to an end.
This is why it is best shared to the partners on the basis of their income sharing ratio.
payment continues to represent a barrier to widespread adoption of the sharing economy, since many consumers feel uncomfortable exchanging cash or financial information with strangers.
a. True
b. False
payment continues to represent a barrier to widespread adoption of the sharing economy, since many consumers feel uncomfortable exchanging cash or financial information with strangers is false.
A community-based online platform is frequently used to facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) based activities of acquiring, providing, or sharing access to goods and services, which are defined as part of the sharing economy.
For thousands of years, people in communities shared resources, but with the development of the Internet and its application of big data, it has become simpler for asset owners and those looking to use those resources to connect with one another. The term "shareconomy" or "collaborative economy" can also be used to describe this type of dynamic.
People and organizations can profit from underutilized assets in sharing economies.
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purchase goods worth rs 20000 from Shyam on credit and paid 50% in cash
Answer:
Purchases a/c dr 20000
To cash a/c 15000
To Ram's a/c 5000
What is a special event that is for people outside a company, such as customers, potential customers, and the
public?
A. Product launch
B. Sales event
C. External event
D. Internal event
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
The external events are those events organized for the customers, potential customers, the general public, or other companies outside of the client's business. These events give a chance to the company to showcase its values, beliefs, and morals upon which the company stands.
The external events include charity events, fundraisers, etc. These events paves a way for the business to establish new partnerships with other companies or local businesses.
Therefore, option C is correct.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
CWN Company uses a job order costing system and last period incurred $82,000 of actual overhead and $100,000 of direct labor. CWN estimates that its overhead next period will be $73,000. It also expects to incur $100,000 of direct labor. If CWN bases applied overhead on direct labor cost, its predetermined overhead rate for the next period should be:
Answer:
the predetermined overhead rate is 65%
Explanation:
The computation of the predetermined overhead rate is shown below;
The Predetermined overhead rate
= Expected overhead ÷ expected total direct labour cost
= $73,000 ÷ $100,000
= 0.73
= 65%
hence, the predetermined overhead rate is 65%
The same would be considered and relevant
QUESTION 3 of 10: You worked the following hours this week: Monday 8 AM to 5 PM, Tuesday 9 AM to 3 PM, Thursday 8:30 AM to 2:15 PM. You get a 30-minute unpaid lunch break every work day. How many hours will you be paid for this week?
Answer:
19 hours
Explanation:
8 and a half
5 and a half
5 and 15
What will produce more accurate results when giving a survey?
A. Using the word "frequently" in a question
B. Creating face-to-face interviews
C. Adding boxes to check for answers
D. Creating an open questions
Answer:
Option B; Creating face-to-face interviews
Explanation:
Research has shown that face-to-face interviews tend to produce more accurate results when giving a survey. So the correct answer is option B.
Which would be considered part of an employee’s salary?
amount of taxes that will be deducted each pay check
amount an employee can expect to earn in gratuities from customers
amount of money the employee will earn each month
amount of matching funds the employer will pay to a retirement account
Answer:
Amount of money the employee will earn each month.
Imagine that in 2019 the economy is in long run equilibrium. Then, stock prices rise more than expected and stay high for some time. Refer to scenario 33-2. In the long run, what happens to the expected price level and what impact does this have on wage bargaining?
graph: y= price level. 2 lines going up parallel to each other SRAS1 and SRAS2
x= Quantity Output. 2 lines going down parallel AD1 and AD2......
There is a line that goes in center from x (straight up) LRAS
SRAS1 and SRAS2 intersect with AD1 and AD2 at points A,B,C,D LRAS intersects at its A and C
In the long run, The expected price level rises. New wage contracts are negotiated at higher wages.
What are wages?Wages are payments made typically in cash in exchange for labor or services, typically on an hourly, daily, or piecework basis and in accordance with a contract.
The compensation or reward for labor is called a wage. Real wages and nominal wages are the two primary categories of earnings. Money earnings are referred to as "nominal wages." However, "real wages" refers to the goods and services that may be obtained with money earnings.
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Why do you think government bonds usually have a low risk of default?
Answer:
In particular, the explanation government bonds being viewed as a secure option for investment is that they are guaranteed by the administration's absolute faith and confidence. Most shareholders are convinced government of the country won't default itself on debt trustees commitments.
Also if certain issues raised governments holds the power to increase taxes on the investment as well as they have the printing power of currency which makes such investments risk free.