What are some ways that plants can defend themselves? Give at least two examples and explain how it is a defense system.
Answers
The first physical barrier to herbivores feeding on plants is made up of leaf surface wax, thorns and trichomes, cell wall thickness, and lignification. The second barrier is made up of secondary metabolites that function as poisons.
Which two methods do plants use to protect themselves?The first line of defence against infections is the outermost part of a plant, which is comparable to human skin and is additionally referred to as the epidermis. In some plant parts, such as the bark of a tree or the waxy cuticle on leaves, extra layers protect the epidermis itself. Moreover, plants produce substances that are poisonous to insects or pathogens.
How do plants protect themselves?Many flowers have a coating of fine hairs covering the surface on their leaves to deter small predators. Some plants have harsh spines or thorns, whereas others produce leaves which sting or have a sour taste to repel larger animals.
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Related Questions
List the functions of proteins in the text area below.
Answers
Answer:1)It enhances growth and maintenance 2)It builds or repairs worn out tissues in the body 3)Maintenance of proper PH scale 4)Maintains fluid balance 5)It boosts the immunity 6)It provides energy in the body when the body does not get enough from carbohydrates and fat 7)Protein carries nutrients throughout your bloodstreams.
Explanation:
Answer:
It enhances growth and maintenance also It builds or repairs worn out tissues in the body and Maintenance of proper PH scale and Maintains fluid balance It boosts the immunity It provides energy in the body when the body does not get enough from carbohydrates and fat Protein carries nutrients throughout your bloodstreams.
Explanation:
I did it .
What are the strengths of the trait approach?
Answers
Explanation:
Strengths of Trait Approach. The trait approach focuses on the leader and not on the followers or the situation. This approach is concerned with what traits leaders exhibit and who has these traits.
What makes some individuals more likely to survive and have offspring?.
Answers
Are data that do not support a hypothesis useful?
A. Yes, because the data prove that the experiment was designed
poorly
B. Yes, because the data provide useful information that can lead to
more testing
C. No, because the data show that the experiment failed
D. No, because the data must be inaccurate
Answers
Which are the best solutions for reducing the mine production of copper and conserving copper ore? Select the two correct answers. (1 point)
Recycle electronic waste.
Make electrical appliances without wires.
Use glass as a substitute.
Use aluminum as a substitute.
Stop buying electrical appliances.
Answers
Answer:use aluminum as a substitute and recycle electronic waste
Explanation:
Recycling electric waste and using aluminum as a substitute are the two best solutions. Aluminium is a material that can be used to replace copper and thus reduce copper mine production.
What is Aluminium?Aluminium is a chemical element with the atomic number 13 and the symbol Al. Aluminium has a lower density than other common metals, about one-third that of steel. When exposed to air, it forms a protective layer of oxide on the surface due to its high affinity for oxygen. Aluminium is a silvery-white metal that is lightweight. It is pliable and malleable. Uses. Aluminium is used in a wide range of products such as cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs, and aircraft parts. This is due to its unique properties. Aluminium is made by melting alumina, which is refined from bauxite ore.To learn more about Aluminium, refer to:
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Which state was most affected by West Nile virus infections in 2012?
Answers
In 2012, an unprecedented outbreak of WNV occurred in Texas; ≈1,900 cases were reported. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of the 2012 WNV outbreak in Texas.
the virus has become endemic, with ≈2,200 human cases reported in the state during 2002–2011 (2). In 2012, an unprecedented outbreak of WNV occurred in Texas; ≈1,900 cases were reported. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of the 2012 WNV outbreak in Texas.
Over-arching theories are so important because they help scientists choose their methods of study and mode of reasoning, connect important phenomena in new ways, and open new areas of study.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Over-arching theories are designed to clarify, predict and interpret events and, in many situations, to question and broaden current understanding beyond the boundaries of basic boundary assumptions. The theoretical context presents and outlines the hypothesis that demonstrates why there is an area for research undergoing analysis.
Black fur (B) is dominant. Find the probability of a black offspring in a cross: bb x bb.
0%
100%
50%
25%
Answers
Answer:
0%
Explanation:
chondrocytes occupy spaces in the matrix called _________.
Answers
Chondrocytes occupy spaces in the matrix called lacunae. Lacunae are small cavities or spaces within the extracellular matrix of cartilage where chondrocytes, the specialized cells responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix, reside.
Each chondrocyte is housed within its own lacuna. The lacunae provide a protected environment for the chondrocytes and allow for their proper functioning in maintaining the cartilage tissue.
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Chondrocytes occupy spaces in the matrix called lacunae. Chondrocytes are specialized cells found in cartilage. They are responsible for maintaining and producing the extracellular matrix of the cartilage tissue.
The extracellular matrix consists of various proteins, fibers, and ground substance, and it surrounds the chondrocytes.
Within the matrix, the chondrocytes reside in small cavities or spaces called lacunae. These lacunae provide a protective environment for the chondrocytes and allow for their metabolic activities.
The chondrocytes can produce and maintain the components of the extracellular matrix while residing within the lacunae. The lacunae are distributed throughout the cartilage tissue, separated by the matrix material.
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Which extinction factors do you think cause the least extinctions? Why?
Answers
Answer:
Pollution.
Explanation:
Pollution is the extinction factors that cause the least extinctions because it has less effect on the population of that organisms. Due to pollution, some organisms die and decrease occur in the population while the rest move to another safe place and some lives in that environment produce resistance against that pollution and are able to live in that pollution so pollution is the factor that cause the least extinction.
Mixing of genetic information during a sexual life cycle of a species will introduce
genetic variations. Which of the following correctly shows process that increase
genetic diversity? (B.6G)
I. Random fertilization
II. Mitosis
III. Independent assortment of chromosomes
IV. Crossing over of alleles
I, III, and IV
III and IV only
l only
l, ll, and lll
Answers
Genetic diversity is a biological term that explains the variations that exists in the genetic makeup of organisms in a population. It also ensures survival and prevents inbreeding effects.
The process that lead to an increase in genetic diversity include:
I. Random fertilization
III. Independent assortment of chromosomes
IV. Crossing over of alleles (I, III, and IV)
These processes of random fertilization, independent assortment and crossing over ensures continued variation among populations. All these processes allows for the blending and mixing of the alleles to give a combination that is different (not identical) to that of the parents.Learn more about genetic diversity: https://brainly.com/question/22143200
which of the following is not true of the pdh complex? group of answer choices all of these are true the close proximity of the enzymes increases the overall reaction rate. if the subunits weren't linked, the reactions could take place in the wrong order. none of these are true physical linkage of the enzymes minimizes side reactions.
Answers
The close proximity of the enzymes speeds up the total reaction rate; if the PDH complex's subunits weren't connected, the reactions may occur in the wrong sequence.
PDH enzyme complex: what is it?Acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH (H+) are produced during the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which is catalysed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)3 (1,–3). By connecting the glycolytic pathway to the oxidative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the PDC plays a crucial role in the oxidation of glucose.
What ingredients make up the PDH complex?Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase make up the 9.5 MDa complex known as PDH (E3).
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Studies if homeobox genes (HOX Genes) are found in organisms as far back as 60 million years. What kind of evidence for evolution is this called?
Answers
This type of evidence for evolution, where homeobox genes (HOX genes) are found in organisms dating back 60 million years, is called molecular evidence. Molecular evidence, such as the presence of conserved HOX genes, supports the idea that various organisms share a common evolutionary ancestor. These genes play crucial roles in body plan development, further highlighting the fundamental similarities in the organization and development of diverse species throughout evolution.
The evidence for evolution that studies of homeobox genes (HOX Genes) in organisms as far back as 60 million years provide is called molecular evidence. HOX genes play a crucial role in the development of the body plan in animals, and the fact that they are conserved across such a wide range of organisms suggests that they have been under strong selective pressure to remain functional. This provides strong evidence that all organisms share a common ancestry and have evolved over time through the process of natural selection. Such molecular evidence, along with other forms of evidence such as fossil records and comparative anatomy, help scientists understand the patterns and mechanisms of evolution.
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What did Hernando de SoTo find on his explorer?
Answers
Answer:
Hernando de Soto discovered the Mississippi River.
Explanation:
In 1539 Hernando de Soto and five hundred adventurers began on a journey of exploration that would take 4 years and would travel through 10 states in the southeast United States. His goal was to discover a source of wealth, preferably gold, and around his mines establish a settlement. Hernando de Soto and his expedition became the first Europeans to see and cross the mighty Mississippi River.Help
Did you know that you can't just put "help" as your question?
Answers
What is the position of the body when it is in the ""normal anatomical position?"".
Answers
When the body is in the ""normal anatomical position" it refers to as hominid anatomy.
The body is referred to as being in what is known as the typical anatomical position when discussing hominid anatomy. The typical anatomical stance for a human is standing with their feet together and pointing forward, without any long bones being crossed from the observer's point of view. Human anatomy and physiology can be explained in a straightforward and consistent manner using standard anatomical positions. Many anatomical terminology are used to describe the relative placement of different appendages in relation to the standardized position while analyzing an individual's anatomy.Learn more about the anatomy with the help of the given link:
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I don’t know why it’s blurry
Answers
Answer:
Develop a testable question based on research or prior knowledge
Explanation:
Scientific Method.
You have succeeded in breeding two varieties A and B of cattle that each have some desirable traits. You produce hybrids of these
two varieties in the hope to obtain cattle that combine these desirable traits. All hybrid individuals grow normally but to your great
surprise, you also discover that some of the hybrid bulls originating from A(2) x B(S) crosses produce only daughters.
A, What kind of genetic element could be responsible for this finding, and why?
B, In which variety (A, B, or both) do you expect this element to be found, and why?
C. Why is this phenotype not observed in either the A or the B parental variety?
Answers
A. The genetic element that could be responsible for the finding is known as the sex-determining region (SDR) or sex-linked gene. This is because of the observation that some hybrid bulls that originate from A (2) × B (S) crosses produce only daughters. B.
This genetic element is expected to be present in variety A because it is related to the sex chromosomes (XY) and A has the SRY gene which is responsible for male determination. It is important to note that while this element is present in both varieties A and B, it is inactive in B. Therefore, it is active only in the A variety. C. This phenotype is not observed in either the A or the B parental variety because they produce only female and male offspring, respectively. The phenomenon is observed only in the F1 hybrid as a result of a combination of genetic factors from the two parental varieties. The genetic factor from variety A which influences the production of females only exists in an inactive form in variety B.
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which of the following is most closely related to a lizard? group of answer choices salamander bird lamprey chimaera
Answers
The choice of animal most closely related to lizards is the salamander.
Explanation of lizards and salamandersSalamanders and lizard are tetrapods. Both are cold blooded vertebrate animals. Both salamanders and lizards are similar in appearance. But, Salamanders and lizards are ectotherms or cold-blooded animals which means they cannot generate their own body heat like mammals. To control their body temperature, salamanders and lizards get heat from their surroundings.
Salamanders are amphibians with moist skin without scales. Lizards are reptiles with rough, scaly skin. Salamanders live in humid environments while lizards are adapted to live in terrestrial environments. The main difference between salamanders and lizards is the phylogenetic adaptation of the two types of animals.
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Which form of energy is an input for photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer:
Light Energy
Explanation:
The process through which green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy is known as photosynthesis. Light energy is collected and utilised by green plants during photosynthesis to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules.
Oxygen enters seawater as a result of______.
(Hint: How does oxygen get into our atmosphere?)
Answers
Answer:
there's bacteria. developed bacteria that lives on energy given off by the sun and carbon dioxide in the water hence production oxygen as a waste product
and also plants take in carbon dioxide exhaled by people and give it off as oxygen as a waste product
the energy that flows through most biological systems on earth ultimately comes from which source?
Answers
The energy that flows through most biological systems on Earth ultimately comes from the sun.
What is solar energy ?
Solar energy is energy that is derived from the sun's radiation. The sun is a powerful source of energy, and it radiates large amounts of energy in the form of light and heat. This energy can be captured and converted into other forms of energy, such as electricity or thermal energy, using various technologies
Sun rays comes in the form of sunlight, which is captured by plants during photosynthesis and then transformed into chemical energy that is used by organisms in the food chain. This process is the foundation of most ecosystems on Earth and allows for life to thrive.
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The genotypes CC, Cc, and cc produce curly, wavy, and straight hair, respectively. Individuals with wavy hair would be _____ for this allele.
Answers
The genotypes CC, Cc, and cc produce curly, wavy, and straight hair, respectively. individuals with wavy hair would be heterozygous (Cc) for this allele.
The alleles responsible for hair type in this scenario are represented by the letters C and c.
The genotype CC represents the homozygous dominant condition, which produces curly hair. The genotype cc represents the homozygous recessive condition, which produces straight hair.
The genotype Cc represents the heterozygous condition, where an individual carries one copy of the dominant allele (C) and one copy of the recessive allele (c).
In this case, the dominant allele C is responsible for curly hair, while the recessive allele c is responsible for straight hair. Because both alleles are present in the heterozygous genotype Cc, individuals with this genotype exhibit an intermediate hair type, which is wavy.
The curly hair phenotype is dominant over the straight hair phenotype, which is why individuals with the genotype CC and Cc exhibit curly or wavy hair, respectively.
The presence of the recessive allele c is required to produce straight hair, so individuals must have the genotype cc to display the straight hair phenotype. Therefore, individuals with wavy hair would be heterozygous (Cc) for this allele.
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If you wanted to design an artificial chromosome that would be mitotically stable in a yeast cell, what would be the essential DNA elements that you would need to include?:
Select one or more:
a. a yeast centromere.
b. a yeast origin of replication.
c. telomere sequences.
d. Genes that code for histones
e. None of the above are necessary
Answers
If you wanted to design an artificial chromosome that would be mitotically stable in a yeast cell, options a, b, and c are necessary to include.
To design an artificial chromosome that would be mitotically stable in a yeast cell, the essential DNA elements that need to be included are:
a. a yeast centromere - The centromere is a specialized DNA sequence that is necessary for the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. In yeast, the centromere is essential for the formation of a functional kinetochore, which is necessary for the attachment of the chromosome to the spindle fibers during cell division. Therefore, the inclusion of a yeast centromere is necessary for the artificial chromosome to be mitotically stable.
b. a yeast origin of replication - The origin of replication is a DNA sequence that is necessary for the initiation of DNA replication. In yeast, the origin of replication is required for the replication of the chromosome during cell division. Therefore, inclusion of a yeast origin of replication is necessary for the artificial chromosome to be mitotically stable.
c. telomere sequences - Telomeres are specialized DNA sequences that are located at the ends of chromosomes and are necessary for the protection of the chromosome ends from degradation and fusion. In yeast, telomere sequences are required for the maintenance of chromosome stability during cell division. Therefore, inclusion of telomere sequences is necessary for the artificial chromosome to be mitotically stable.
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help is appreciated!!!
Answers
Answer:
d secondary consumer
Explanation:
Because it eats what eats the plant
Answer:
secondary consumer
Explanation:
give brainliest please I need it to level up
What is the condition called where a proximal portion of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm, allowing stomach acid to pass into the esophagus
Answers
The condition is called Hiatal Hernia.
Hiatal Hernia:
When stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, a hiatal hernia results. This occurs as the stomach forces gastric acids through an opening known as the "esophageal hiatus" and into the esophagus. It is frequently seen in persons in their \(60\)s.Weakened muscle tissue that permits your stomach to protrude through your diaphragm results in a hiatal hernia. It's not always clear why this happens. However, the diaphragm alterations brought on by aging could also result in a hiatal hernia. Injury to the area, for instance, following a surgery or a trauma.Hiatus hernia problems are uncommon, but long-term oesophageal damage from stomach acid leakage can result in ulcers, scarring, and alterations to the oesophageal cells, raising your chance of oesophageal cancer.Learn more about hiatal hernia here brainly.com/question/13828555
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What is the function of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
To warm up the Earth.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere warms the planet causing climate change.
What are the similarities and differences of homeothermic organisms and poikilothermic organisms.
Answers
Answer:
Poikilothermic organisms are ectothermic (obtain heat from their environments), while homeothermic organisms are endothermic (regulate body temperature physiologically)
Mutation that causes the entire down stream sequence of DNA to be read incorrectly.
A. Frameshift
B. Point Mutation
C. Non-disjunction
D. None of these
Answers
Answer:
A)FRAMESHIFT
Explanation:
A strand of messenger RNA is attached to a ribosome and is directing protein synthesis. The next exposed codon of this messenger RNA has the code GAA. It is most likely to bond with a transfer RNA that has which amino acid?
Answers
Answer:
Glutamic acid or Glutamate
Explanation:
This question is describing the process of TRANSLATION, which is the process by which protein is synthesized from a mRNA template. In the process of translation, a molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA) reads mRNA codons and carries its corresponding amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
According to this question, strand of messenger RNA is undergoing translation in the ribosome. However, the next exposed codon of this messenger RNA has the code GAA. A tRNA carrying an amino acid that corresponds to the codon GAA will attach to it. This amino acid is GLUTAMIC ACID.
N.B: codon GAA encodes amino acid GLUTAMIC ACID