Answers
Eyewitness misidentification has been a significant factor leading to wrongful convictions in numerous cases.
The reliability of eyewitness identification has been called into question due to various factors that can contribute to errors and inaccuracies. These include memory distortion and suggestibility.
Eyewitness identification plays a crucial role in criminal investigations and trials, often serving as powerful evidence. However, human memory is not infallible and can be influenced by a range of factors. Witnesses may inadvertently distort their memory of events, leading to misidentification of suspects. Factors such as stress, weapon focus, cross-racial identification, unconscious bias, misleading information, and lineup procedures can contribute to inaccurate identifications.
Stressful situations, like a crime or an accident, can impair an individual's ability to perceive and remember details accurately. When a weapon is present during a crime, witnesses often focus their attention on the weapon rather than the perpetrator's features, making it more difficult to accurately identify the suspect. Cross-racial identifications can be particularly challenging due to the "own-race bias," where people tend to have better recognition for faces of their own race compared to other races.
Moreover, external influences such as suggestive questioning or misleading information from law enforcement or media coverage can impact witness recall and identification accuracy. The way lineup procedures are conducted, including the composition of the lineup and the instructions given to witnesses, can also influence identification outcomes.
Unfortunately, these factors have contributed to numerous wrongful convictions where individuals were mistakenly identified as perpetrators. Advances in DNA technology and post-conviction investigations have led to the exoneration of many wrongfully convicted individuals, often revealing that eyewitness misidentification was a significant contributing factor.
To address this issue, reforms have been implemented to improve eyewitness identification procedures, such as using double-blind lineup administration (where the lineup administrator does not know the suspect's identity) and providing cautionary instructions to witnesses. These reforms aim to minimize suggestibility and increase the accuracy of identifications.
Overall, the prevalence of wrongful convictions based on eyewitness identification highlights the need for cautious interpretation of eyewitness testimony and the importance of implementing best practices to enhance the reliability and validity of such evidence in criminal proceedings.
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Related Questions
When a commercial real estate sale has two Agent sales associates the broker may create a?
Answers
When a commercial real estate sale involves two agent sales associates working under a broker, the broker may create a co-brokerage agreement or a dual agency arrangement.
A co-brokerage agreement is a contractual agreement between two real estate brokers, each representing different parties involved in a transaction. In this case, the broker representing the seller and the broker representing the buyer collaborate to facilitate the sale. The agreement outlines the responsibilities, duties, and compensation arrangement between the two brokers.
Under a co-brokerage agreement, the brokers typically share information, work together to market the property, coordinate showings, negotiate terms, and assist in the closing process. The agreement specifies how the commission will be divided between the brokers, typically based on a predetermined percentage or a negotiated split.
On the other hand, a dual agency arrangement occurs when the broker represents both the buyer and the seller in a transaction. In this scenario, the broker acts as a neutral intermediary, facilitating the transaction while maintaining impartiality.
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What does “privilege” mean with respect to lawyer-client relationship and give an example
Answers
Answer:
i would think it would mean like its a privilege to be able to work and fight for someone? im not to sure tho.
Explanation:
Which of the following is an advantage of being a sole trader?
Select one:
a. the owner has unlimited liability
b. the business has limited life
c. the owner has total autonomy over business decisions
d. the business is not a separate legal entity
Answers
Sands is arrested for a warrant for murder. When he is brought to the station a detective reads him his Miranda Rights. The detective begins asking Sands questions. Sands is answering the questions but then asks, “Do I need an attorney?” The detective tells him, “That is your decision.” The detective then begins asking more questions. Sands then confesses to the murder.
Question: Did the detective violate Sands rights?
Answers
Answer:
No, he said that's his decision.
Explanation:
No.
He had his Miranda Rights read, meaning he knew he had the right to REMAIN silent, and asking for an attorney in that situation is pretty useless.
I’m sooooooooooooooooooooo confused
Answers
In a general sense, what are crimes?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Crimes are basically acts that are defiant/transgression of laws that if violated the person or people who acted can be punished.
peer pressure __in why some teens get in a car with an impaired driver?
Answers
Answer: Some kids are a bad influence
Explanation: According to my studies, many teenagers build up a ball of rage inside their head. As a result, they peer pressure poor innocent children to feel happy. This is called a pyschopath.
The ONLY type of mistake that can be used as a defense is a mistake of , A) law ,B) fact C)police procedure D) identity
Answers
Answer:
fact
Explanation:
I've learned this before and I know its fact
Answer:
The Criminal Defense of Mistake
In many situations, a criminal defendant may wish to argue that he or she never intended to commit a crime and that the criminal act that occurred was a result of a mistake of facts regarding the circumstances of the crime or a misunderstanding concerning the law at the time. Such mistakes of fact can be applied to a variety of criminal activities, but mistakes of law are only rarely allowed as full defenses to criminal conduct.
Mistakes of Fact
Mistakes of fact arise when a criminal defendant misunderstood some fact that negates an element of the crime. For instance, if an individual is charged with larceny but believed that the property he took was rightfully his, this misunderstanding negates any intent to deprive another of the property. One important qualification, however, is that this mistake of fact must be honest and reasonable. Thus, a defendant cannot later claim that he or she was mistaken when he or she actually knew the situation. Likewise, the mistake must be one that would appear reasonable to a judge or jury. If the same individual was repeatedly told that the property was not his, and he could not take it, it would no longer be reasonable for him to mistakenly have believed that he could rightfully take the property.
Mistake of Law
Mistake of law is a defense that the criminal defendant misunderstood or was ignorant of the law as it existed at the time. The onus is generally placed on individuals to be aware of the laws of their state or community, and thus this defense only applies in very limited circumstances. For example, while a defendant will not be able to claim that he was not aware that murder was a crime, he may be able to argue that he was not aware of some obscure traffic law.
Specifically, mistake of law can be used as a defense in four limited circumstances:
When the law has not been published;
When the defendant relied upon a law or statute that was later overturned or deemed unconstitutional;
When the defendant relied upon a judicial decision that was later overruled; or
When the defendant relied upon an interpretation by an applicable official.
Additionally, the defendant’s reliance on any of these sources must have been reasonable, much like mistake of fact. Thus, a defendant cannot claim that he was relying on a case from 200 years ago when it is apparent that there have been subsequent developments in the law.
It is also important to note that, while reliance on an interpretation of an official may include judges or federal or state agencies, it does not include reliance on the statements of a private attorney. It is therefore important to ensure that any attorney from whom you obtain advice is knowledgeable and trustworthy.
Mistake and Strict Liability
Mistake is not a defense to a strict liability offense. For example, Raquel lives in a jurisdiction in which the sale of alcohol to minors is a strict liability offense. She does her best to check identification whenever selling alcohol at her store. Doug, age 17, presents Raquel with a convincing fake I.D. and otherwise appears to be over 21. If Raquel sells Doug alcohol, she could be guilty of selling alcohol to a minor, even though she reasonably and honestly believed that Doug was old enough to purchase it.
With which statement would Howard Becker be MOST likely to agree?
A.
Deviant behavior is a requirement for society to function.
B.
Most people will practice conformity or rebellion at one time in their lives.
C.
Biology is the biggest factor in determining someone’s likelihood of performing deviant acts.
D.
Deviant behavior exists only because people have decided to define it as deviant.
Answers
Howard Becker be most likely to agree that A. Deviant behavior is a requirement for society to function.
What is Deviant behavior according to Howard Becker?Howard Becker serves as a social creation whereby social groups give room for deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance.
This rules are been applied to particular people and they will be labeled as outsiders.
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No state in the US allows the Governor to directly select people to serve as judges. Group of answer choices true false
Answers
Answer:
false because they need a test to see if they can be the right judge
Explanation:
pls give brainliest
Once points are on your driving record, they will stay there for at least.
Answers
Answer:
12 months
Explanation:
I think
Answer:
five years
Explanation:
your welcome
Almost half of the US states have enacted so-called Right to Work laws. Explain what these laws are. Use your text and web sources to get a clear understanding of these laws, and whether they are fair to unions and union members. Look at the issue from both the union's point of view and from the point of view of employees who don't want union representation. Make your answer complete for full credit.
Answers
Kira forges Lew’s name as the drawer of a stolen check, drawn on Metro Bank, and makes the item payable to Kira. Lew is liable to pay the amount to
a.
no one.
b.
ordinary holders only.
c.
HDCs only.
d.
ordinary holders, HDCs, and holders through HDCs.
Answers
Lew has been liable to reimburse the amount to the holder due in course, it related parties and the actual holders of the check.
Option D is correct.
Who is a drawer?A drawer is referring to person who has created a check in the name of another person or any financial institution like banks.
According to the situation, the drawer of the stolen check is found to be Lew due to forged name put up by Kira. This shows that Lew is now become obligated towards all the parties in connection with the payment of amount being stated in the check.
Therefore, the ordinary holders, Holder due in course and its related parties are beneficial to be get reimbursed by Lew.
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А _____ system takes into consideration the educational requirements,
skills, tasks, and responsibilities of fundamentally different jobs to reduce the
wage gap.
A. comparable worth
B. substantially equal worth
C. comparable titles
D. comparable working conditions
Answers
A comparable worth system takes into consideration the educational requirements, skills, tasks, and responsibilities of fundamentally different jobs to reduce the wage gap.
What is meant by a comparable worth system?This is the term that is used to refer to the system that takes cognition of the work that is done by the females and the minorities and tries to bridge the gap that existed with the pay that the men receive.
Hence we can say that the comparable worth system takes into consideration the educational requirements, skills, tasks, and responsibilities of fundamentally different jobs to reduce the wage gap.
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describe the reasoning dr. king uses to apply those definitions to actions.
Answers
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent leader of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. He advocated for equality, justice, and nonviolent resistance in the pursuit of racial equality.
Prominence refers to the state of being well-known, widely recognized, or distinguished in a particular field, context, or society. Prominence can be achieved through various means, such as accomplishments, influence, visibility, or reputation. Prominent individuals, organizations, or ideas often have a significant impact on their respective domains.
In society, prominent figures can include influential leaders, successful entrepreneurs, renowned artists, or celebrated activists who have made notable contributions to their fields. These individuals may possess exceptional skills, knowledge, or talent that sets them apart from others. Prominent ideas or concepts can shape societies and cultures.
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What is a document called that is filed with the court to state the position of the plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit and ask for relief from the court?.
Answers
the Pleading document is filed with the court to state the position of the plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit and ask for relief from the court.
What is a pleading document?The official court documents that parties must submit to the court at the start of a lawsuit are known as pleadings. A statement of claim and defense are components of typical pleadings. These kinds of documents spell out the specifics of the claim or defense you are putting up as well as the supporting facts. The main problems in the case that need to be resolved should be identified to the court and to the other parties in the pleadings. The purpose of pleadings and what they contain are explained in this article. All factual claims that are pertinent to the case and that the parties will have to substantiate at trial are presented in the pleadings. It's crucial to note that a party must include in its pleadings any truth or item that could catch the other party off guard or render the other party's case unpersuasive.
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State if you believe a developing country could achieve any
advantages and disadvantages of being a tax haven.
READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY AND PROVIDE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES. PROVIDE SOURCES
Answers
Developing countries have the potential to achieve certain advantages and disadvantages by positioning themselves as tax havens.
However, it's important to note that the advantages and disadvantages can vary depending on the specific circumstances and policies of each country. Here are some general advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages of being a tax haven for a developing country:
Attracting foreign investment: By offering low or zero tax rates, developing countries can attract foreign businesses and investors, stimulating economic growth and job creation.
Generating revenue: Although tax rates are low, tax havens can generate significant revenue by attracting a large volume of international transactions, financial activities, and investments.
Economic diversification: Becoming a tax haven can provide an opportunity for developing countries to diversify their economies beyond traditional industries, such as agriculture or manufacturing, by focusing on financial services and international business.
Disadvantages of being a tax haven for a developing country:
Risk of capital flight: Developing countries that rely heavily on tax haven status may experience capital flight if tax regulations change or global sentiment shifts, leading to potential economic instability.
Negative impact on domestic tax revenue: Low tax rates for multinational corporations and wealthy individuals can reduce domestic tax revenue, hindering the government's ability to fund essential public services and infrastructure.
Reputation and transparency issues: Being labeled as a tax haven can damage a country's reputation and create concerns about transparency and financial integrity, which may discourage foreign investment or lead to increased scrutiny from international regulatory bodies.
It's important to note that the advantages and disadvantages of being a tax haven can vary depending on factors such as the country's overall economic stability, regulatory frameworks, and the balance between attracting international investment and maintaining domestic tax revenue.
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Floyd is riding his bicycle down the street while texting on his phone. floyd does not see vivian, a store owner, who is putting magazines out in front of her storefront. he looks up just in time and swerves to miss vivian but knocks her entire magazine rack and newsstand down, totally destroying it. is floyd liable?
Answers
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Yes, Vivian has a competent loss and lost money.
Indeed, Vivian suffered a legitimate loss and lost money. Yes, liable
What is money?Money is a trade good accepted by general consent as a medium of economic conversation. It is the medium in which prices and values are expressed. It flows from person to person and country to country, making trade, and it is the debt measure of wealth. Money is any good that is widely used and accepted in written accounts involving the transfer of goods and divine service from one person to another.
Maybe doing something very likely to accomplish anything When we are weary, we are all more likely to make mistakes. The bridge could fall down at any time. liable to something is that you are likely to be impacted by it. If you exercise infrequently, you are more likely to get hurt.
Therefore, a legitimate loss and lost money. Yes, liable
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ratification of an amendment must come within this time limit. t/f
Answers
The statement "ratification of an amendment must come within this time limit" is false. An amendment is a modification or addition to a document, law, constitution, treaty, or any other official text.
The ratification of an amendment refers to the process of confirming and approving the amendment. Ratification of an amendment is the formal process required for a constitution, treaty, or any other official document to become legally binding. There is no time limit for the ratification of an amendment.
Once an amendment is proposed, it must be ratified by the required number of states before it can become law. The amendment process in the United States Constitution takes a long time as it must be ratified by at least three-quarters of the states.
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the us trade officials blames chines counterparts for conducting unfair trade practice with the us
Answers
It is true that Chinese counterparts are held responsible by US trade officials for engaging in unfair commercial practices with the US.
Trade between the United States and China is a complicated economic relationship. The United States and China inked a bilateral trade deal and restored diplomatic ties in 1979. As a result, trade between the two countries grew quickly, from $4 billion (exports and imports) in that year to nearly $600 billion in 2017.
Trade increased dramatically: from around $100 billion in 2001 to $500 billion in 2021, the value of American goods imported from China. This increase in imports is partly attributable to China's crucial role in global supply chains; Chinese firms put together goods utilizing components for sale to the United States.
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Correct Question:
State true or false: The us trade officials blames chines counterparts for conducting unfair trade practice with the us.
Kaelyn's mother, Judy, looks after Kaelyn's four-year-old twins so Kaelyn can go to work (she drops off and picks up the twins from Judy's home every day). Since Judy is a relative, Kaelyn made sure, for tax purposes, to pay her mother the going rate for child care ($16,300 for the year). What is the amount of Kaelyn's child and dependent care credit in 2021 if her AGI for the year was $130,000?
Answers
Considering the situation described above, Kaelyn's child and dependent care credit in 2021 if her AGI for the year was $130,000 is "$16,000."
This is because according to the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, individuals can claim the child and dependent care credit of $16,000 of expenses for two or more qualifying people.
Given that the qualifying people here are four-year-old twins, this makes it two or more qualifying people.
Though Kaelyn's Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is $130,000, the rule of using 50% - 20% of expenses to claim the child and dependent care credit will come into play if the eventual credit will be more than $16,000.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is $16,000.
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Answer:
Kaelyn's child and dependent care credit is $1200 if you use year of 2022 applicable percentage.
Explanation:
My opinion is that the amount won't be so high like first answer, so I write down what I think here.
I didn't get the percentage about 2021, but I think the number is near, so I use 2022 percentages for reference. Next person may get one ask for 2022.
In 2022, the maximum child and dependent care credit is $3,000 for one qualifying person, so twins will get $6000. The applicable percentage is 20% of the AGI over 43,000, so it is $6,000 x 20%=1200.
True or False: Federal income tax rates have fluctuated greatly over time.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It makes sense
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~Thank you~
the ascertion that non formal institutions have no role to play at the processing stage of the systems. comment on it
Answers
Explanation:
The assertion that non-formal institutions have no role to play at the Processing Stage of the Systems Theory is an empty rhetoric.
Outlines use____ to identify various levels of information. A numbers. B Roman Numerals . Cletters . Dall of these
This is from leadworthy also plss help
Answers
Less than _____% of all bills introduced become law
Answers
George Kildearn is forty years old. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, but has lived in California the past fifteen years, ever since he married his wife, who is a native Californian. He wants to run for office. What do you recommend?
Answers
who are three members on groups that form the local government
Answers
Answer:
The Mayor
City Council
And County and City Judges;
or
types of local government- counties, municipalities (cities and town), special districts, and school districts.
If a train of freight cars, each 10 meters long, rolls by you at the rate of three cars each second.
What is the frequency of the train cars and the velocity?
Answers
Answer:
30 m/s. speed = distance / time.
Explanation:
wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between successive compressions or equivalently the distance between successive rarefactions. 30 m/s. speed = distance / time.
florida law prohibits anyone under the age of _____ from operating a personal watercraft (pwc):
Answers
Florida law prohibits anyone under the age of 14 from operating a personal watercraft (pwc). In Florida, you have to be at least 18 to rent a personal watercraft and at least 14 years old to operate a personal watercraft.
What is prohibited from using a PWC in Florida?Personal watercraft (PWC) use is not allowed when using an inflatable PFD. Anyone operating a PWC with a lanyard cut-off switch is required by law to fasten the lanyard to their person, clothes, or life jacket. If the self-circling device of a PWC has been modified, operating the PWC is not permitted.
The most crucial factor to keep in mind when operating the majority of PWC is that electricity is a constant requirement for maintaining control. If you let a PWC's or another jet-propelled vessel's engine return to idle or turn off during operation, you may lose all steering control.
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True or false for top. will thumbs up if done correct
70. In general, a drawer can stop payment of a certified or cashier's check.
71. Certification of a check must be written on the check and must be signed by an agent of the bank.
72. An indorser's conditional liability is discharged if a check is not presented for payment within three days after the date the indorser signed the check.
Answers
Answer: 70 t
71 t
72 f
Explanation:
71. True
72. False