Answer:
Explanation:
Learning to navigate your file systems using the Command Line Interface allows you to quickly and efficiently find specific folders, hidden folders, and files that are needed. It also gives you the ability to automate navigational tasks that would otherwise need to be done manually. This can save you a ridiculous amount of time if the tasks need to be done many times in different computers, which tends to be the case when working for companies.
List the rules involved in declaring variables in python . Explain with examples
1. The variable name should start with a letter or underscore.
2. The variable name should not start with a number.
3. The variable name can only contain letters, numbers, and underscores.
4. Variable names are case sensitive.
5. Avoid using Python keywords as variable names.
Here are some examples of variable declaration in Python:1. Declaring a variable with a string value
message = "Hello, world!"2. Declaring a variable with an integer value
age = 303. Declaring a variable with a float value
temperature = 98.64. Declaring a variable with a boolean value
is_sunny = TrueGiven the code, what are the arguments of the function?
Answer choices
1. Mystery
2. 1
3. 4,8,3
4. a,b,c
Answer:
3. 4, 8, 3
Explanation:
The arguments are values. They are passed to the function and represented as parameters inside the function.
Parameters: a, b, c
Arguments: 4, 8, 3
a = 4
b = 8
c = 3
a stop watch is used when an athlete runs why
Explanation:
A stopwatch is used when an athlete runs to measure the time it takes for them to complete a race or a specific distance. It allows for accurate timing and provides information on the athlete's performance. The stopwatch helps in evaluating the athlete's speed, progress, and overall improvement. It is a crucial tool for coaches, trainers, and athletes themselves to track their timing, set goals, and analyze their performance. Additionally, the recorded times can be compared to previous records or used for competitive purposes,such as determining winners in races or setting new records.
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In C programing please. Write a function fact_calc that takes a string output argument and an integer input argument n and returns a string showing the calculation of n!. For example, if the value supplied for n were 6, the string returned would be 6! 5 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 5 720 Write a program that repeatedly prompts the user for an integer between 0 and 9, calls fact_calc and outputs the resulting string. If the user inputs an invalid value, the program should display an error message and re-prompt for valid input. Input of the sentinel -1 should cause the input loop to exit.
Note: Don't print factorial of -1, or any number that is not between 0 and 9.
Answer:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void fact_calc(char* output, int n) {
int i;
int factorial = 1;
sprintf(output, "%d! ", n);
for (i = n; i >= 1; i--) {
factorial *= i;
sprintf(output + strlen(output), "%d ", i);
}
sprintf(output + strlen(output), "%d", factorial);
}
int main() {
int user_num;
char output[50];
while (1) {
printf("Enter an integer between 0 and 9 (-1 to quit): ");
scanf("%d", &user_num);
if (user_num == -1) {
break;
} else if (user_num < 0 || user_num > 9) {
printf("Invalid input. Please try again.\n");
continue;
}
fact_calc(output, user_num);
printf("%s\n", output);
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The fact_calc function takes a string output argument and an integer input argument n, and calculates n! while building a string to display the calculation. It uses the sprintf function to append the intermediate steps of the calculation to the output string.
The main function repeatedly prompts the user for input and calls the fact_calc function with the user's input. If the user enters an invalid value, an error message is displayed and the program re-prompts for input. The program exits when the user enters -1.
Which phrase identifies the standard difference in elevation on a topography map?
index contour
contour interval
scale bar
topographic symbol
Answer:
contour interval
Explanation:
The standard that tells the elevation and the difference in topography on the map is that of the contour interval that is it identified the range form the lowest to the highest terrain elevation in meters measured from the sea level. It is also called as C.I and refers to the imaginary lines drawn which has a constant value.Answer:
B. contour interval
Explanation:
Which of the following can the reverse outlining technique help to identify? Select one.
Question 6 options:
Opportunities for humor
The quality of the author’s ideas
Improper citations
Overlap in ideas
Missing keywords
Answer:
The reverse outlining technique can help identify overlap in ideas.
Imagine a room full of boxes. Each box has a length, width, and height. Since the boxes can be rotated those terms are inter- changeable. The dimensions are integral values in a consistent system of units. The boxes have rectangular surfaces and can be nested inside each other. A box can nest inside another box if all its dimensions are strictly less than the corresponding dimensions of the other. You may only nest a box such that the corresponding surfaces are parallel to each other. A box may not be nested along the diagonal. You cannot also put two or more boxes side by side inside another box.The list of boxes is given in a file called boxes.txt. The first line gives the number of boxes n. The next n lines gives a set of three integers separated by one or more spaces. These integers represent the 3 dimensions of a box. Since you can rotate the boxes, the order of the dimensions does not matter. It may be to your advantage to sort the dimensions in ascending order.boxes.txt contains:2023 90 70 48 99 56 79 89 91 74 70 91 91 53 56 22 56 39 64 62 29 92 85 15 23 61 78 96 51 52 95 67 49 93 98 25 57 94 82 95 93 46 38 50 32 50 89 27 60 66 60 66 43 37 62 27 14 90 40 16 The output of your code will be the largest subset of boxes that nest inside each other starting with the inner most box to the outer most box. There should be one line for each box.Largest Subset of Nesting Boxes(2, 2, 3)(3, 4, 4)(5, 5, 6)(6, 7, 9)If there is two or more subsets of equal lengths that qualify as being the largest subset, then print all the largest qualifying subsets with a one line space between each subset. The minimum number of boxes that qualify as nesting is 2. If there are no boxes that nest in another, then write "No Nesting Boxes" instead of "Largest Subset of Nesting Boxes".For the data set that has been given to you, here is the solution set:Largest Subset of Nesting Boxes[14, 27, 62][16, 40, 90][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94][14, 27, 62][27, 50, 89][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94][14, 27, 62][37, 43, 66][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94][22, 39, 56][27, 50, 89][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94][22, 39, 56][37, 43, 66][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94][32, 38, 50][37, 43, 66][53, 56, 91][57, 82, 94]
Which of the following network topology is most expensive
to implement and maintain?
The option of the network topology that is known to be the most expensive to implement and maintain is known to be called option (b) Mesh.
What is Network topology?Network topology is known to be a term that connote the setting of the elements that pertains to a communication network.
Note that Network topology can be one that is used to state or describe the pattern of arrangement of a lot of different types of telecommunication networks.
Therefore, The option of the network topology that is known to be the most expensive to implement and maintain is known to be called option (b) Mesh.
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Which of the following is the most expensive network topology?
(a) Star
(b) Mesh
(c) Bus
The value u+203e belongs to which coding system
The value "u+203e" belongs to the Unicode coding system.
How is this so?Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that assigns unique numeric codes to characters from various writing systems,including alphabets, ideographs, symbols, and more.
The "u+203e" value specifically refers to a Unicode code point, which represents the character "OVERLINE." Unicode ensures consistency in representing and exchanging text across different platforms, programming languages, and systems.
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what is computer? where it is used?
Answer:
it is an electronic device for storing and processing data and it is used at homes schools business organizations.
Explanation:
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which rendering algorithm must be applied if a realistic rendering of the scene is required
Answer:
Rendering or image synthesis is the process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program. The resulting image is referred to as the render. Multiple models can be defined in a scene file containing objects in a strictly defined language or data structure. The scene file contains geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, and shading information describing the virtual scene. The data contained in the scene file is then passed to a rendering program to be processed and output to a digital image or raster graphics image file. The term "rendering" is analogous to the concept of an artist's impression of a scene. The term "rendering" is also used to describe the process of calculating effects in a video editing program to produce the final video output.

A variety of rendering techniques applied to a single 3D scene

An image created by using POV-Ray 3.6
Rendering is one of the major sub-topics of 3D computer graphics, and in practice it is always connected to the others. It is the last major step in the graphics pipeline, giving models and animation their final appearance. With the increasing sophistication of computer graphics since the 1970s, it has become a more distinct subject.
Rendering has uses in architecture, video games, simulators, movie and TV visual effects, and design visualization, each employing a different balance of features and techniques. A wide variety of renderers are available for use. Some are integrated into larger modeling and animation packages, some are stand-alone, and some are free open-source projects. On the inside, a renderer is a carefully engineered program based on multiple disciplines, including light physics, visual perception, mathematics, and software development.
Though the technical details of rendering methods vary, the general challenges to overcome in producing a 2D image on a screen from a 3D representation stored in a scene file are handled by the graphics pipeline in a rendering device such as a GPU. A GPU is a purpose-built device that assists a CPU in performing complex rendering calculations. If a scene is to look relatively realistic and predictable under virtual lighting, the rendering software must solve the rendering equation. The rendering equation doesn't account for all lighting phenomena, but instead acts as a general lighting model for computer-generated imagery.
In the case of 3D graphics, scenes can be pre-rendered or generated in realtime. Pre-rendering is a slow, computationally intensive process that is typically used for movie creation, where scenes can be generated ahead of time, while real-time rendering is often done for 3D video games and other applications that must dynamically create scenes. 3D hardware accelerators can improve realtime rendering performance.
You may review Chapter 2, pages 67-71 of the textbook or communication skills.
Now please answer the following questions:
• What communication systems do you believe are best to be used at a help desk?
• What may be a couple of reasons for the satisfaction disparity?
• How can you ensure that all employees are satisfied with the help desk's services regardless of how
Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 50-100-w
found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following
• What differences or similarities do you see between your posting and other classmates' postings?
**
M
hp
Customer satisfaction is very important. A good insights as well as guidance in regards to the question are given below
What is the review?In terms of Communication systems that is made for a help desk: The right one to use in terms of communication systems for a help desk would is one that is based on the key needs as well as the need requirements of the firm and that of their customers.
Therefore, Reasons for satisfaction in terms of disparity are:
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acronym physical education
You are in charge of building a cloud data center. Which of the following is a useful rack configuration for regulating airflow?Exhaust fans on racks facing the inlet vents of other racksInlet fans on racks facing exhaust fans of other racksAll racks perpendicular to each otherExhaust fans on racks facing exhaust fans on other racks
The useful rack configuration for regulating airflow is exhaust fans on one rack facing exhaust fans on another.
What are the rack configurations?Rack servers are commonly used in data centers. In the data center, servers that are arranged in mounted racks are referred to as rack servers. Internal fans installed inside the racks allow the servers to maintain good airflow and cooling. There are various types of racks available, and the user can select one based on their needs.Airflow for a server rack is planned so that all of the equipment can move cool air in from one side and out of the rack. Typically, this involves blowing all of the warm air out the back of the rack and directing it up and out toward the ceiling. Return ducts can then pull the warm air into the house.To learn more about rack configuration refer to :
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Communication Technologies is the ____________________________________, ____________________________, _________________________________by which individuals, __________________, ______________________, and _____________________ information with other individuals
Communication Technologies is the tool or device by which individuals, uses to pass information, and share information with other individuals
Technology used in communication media: what is it?The connection between communication and media is a focus of the Communication, Media, and Technology major. In addition to learning how to use verbal, nonverbal, and interpersonal messaging to draw in an audience, students also learn the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful media.
The exchange of messages (information) between individuals, groups, and/or machines using technology is known as communication technology. Decision-making, problem-solving, and machine control can all be aided by this information processing.
Therefore, Radio, television, cell phones, computer and network hardware, satellite systems, and other types of communication devices are all included under the broad term "ICT," as are the various services and tools they come with, like video conferencing and distance learning.
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PLEASE HELP ME ANSWER THIS QUESTION. I REALLY REALLY NEED IT.
. According to IEEE, what is software engineering? (A) The study of
approaches (B) The development of software product using scientific
principles, methods, and procedures (C) The application of engineering
to software (D) All of the above
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) describes software engineering as:
(D) All of the above.
Software engineering encompasses the study of approaches, and the development of software products using scientific principles, methods, and procedures. It also encompasses the application of engineering principles to software. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines technical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and systematic processes to design, develop, and maintain software systems efficiently and effectively.
Can someone give me a code of any cartoon character using java applet that please help me☹️
Answer:
SEE BELOW AND GIVE ME BRAINLEST
Explanation:
import java.awt.*;
public class CartoonCharacter extends java.applet.Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
// draw head
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillOval(100, 100, 200, 200);
// draw eyes
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillOval(150, 150, 50, 50);
g.fillOval(250, 150, 50, 50);
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.fillOval(165, 165, 20, 20);
g.fillOval(265, 165, 20, 20);
// draw nose
g.setColor(Color.orange);
g.fillOval(200, 200, 50, 75);
// draw mouth
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillArc(150, 225, 150, 100, 180, 180);
// draw body
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillRect(125, 300, 250, 200);
// draw arms
g.setColor(Color.orange);
g.fillRect(75, 325, 50, 150);
g.fillRect(375, 325, 50, 150);
// draw legs
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillRect(175, 500, 50, 100);
g.fillRect(275, 500, 50, 100);
}
}
Please Hurry
Which features are important when you plan a program?
Select 4 options.
Responses Knowing how many lines of code you are allowed to use. Knowing how to find the result needed.
Knowing what information is needed to find the result.
Knowing what the user needs the program to accomplish.
Knowing what you want the program to do.
The features that are important when you plan a program are:
Knowing what the user needs the program to accomplish.Knowing how to find the result needed.Knowing what information is needed to find the result.Knowing what you want the program to do.What is a program?The programmer needs to be aware of the user's goal in order to correctly plan a program. It might be used for blogging, advertising, or other purposes.
Then, you must have programming experience. Possible programming languages for this include Java, HTML, etc.
Therefore, the correct options are b, c, d, and e.
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Now let's build a calorie counter. The NHS recommends that
an adult male takes on board 2,500 calories per-day and an
adult woman takes on 2,000 calories per-day. Build your
program in python for a woman or a man.
The building of a program in python for a calorie intake per day by a woman or a man is represented as follows:
print("Your calorie counter")
calories = int(input("How many calories have you eaten today? "))
s=2000-calories
print("You can eat", s, "calories today")
What is Python programming?Python programming may be characterized as a kind of high-level computer programming language that is often utilized in order to construct websites and software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis.
There are various factors and characteristics of python programming. Each program is built based on specific attributes. They are strings (text), numbers (for integers), lists (flexible sequences), tuples, and dictionaries. The most important components are expression, statements, comments, conclusion, etc.
Therefore, the python programming for a calorie intake per day by a woman or a man is mentioned above.
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What steps should a user follow to add SmartArt to a document? Use the drop-down menus to complete the steps.
1. Put the cursor on the insertion point.
2. Go to the
tab on the ribbon.
3. In the Illustrations group, click
4. Select the design choice and click
5. Type in the desired text, and click
to exit the dialog box.
Note that the steps that a user should follow to add SmartArt to a document are:
2. Go to the tab on the ribbon.
3. In the Illustrations group, click
4. Select the design choice and click
1. Put the cursor on the insertion point.
5. Type in the desired text, and click to exit the dialog box.
What is Smart Art?A SmartArt graphic is a graphical representation of your data and thoughts. You make one by selecting a layout that best suits your message. Some layouts (for example, organization charts and Venn diagrams) depict certain types of information, while others just improve the aesthetic of a bulleted list.
SmartArt is a PowerPoint application that allows you to make complex charts and diagrams with minimal effort. SmartArt is "smart" in that it adjusts for size automatically as you work on the arrangement.
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Answer:
Put the cursor on the insertion point.
Go to the
✔ Insert
tab on the ribbon.
In the Illustrations group, click
✔ SmartArt
.
Select the design choice and click
✔ OK
.
Type in the desired text, and click
✔ Close
to exit the dialog box.
Explanation:
What’s the relationship among speed frequency and the number of poles in a three phase induction motor
Answer:
The number of poles in the windings defines the motor's ideal speed. A motor with a higher number of poles will have a slower rated speed but a higher rated torque.
Explanation:
The relationship among speed, frequency, and the number of poles in a three-phase induction motor is governed by what is known as the synchronous speed equation.
The synchronous speed of an induction motor is the speed at which the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator windings of the motor rotates.
The synchronous speed (Ns) of a three-phase induction motor is given by the following equation:
Ns = (120 × f) / P
where:
Ns is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM).
f is the supply frequency in hertz (Hz).
P is the number of poles.
From the equation, it can be observed that the synchronous speed is directly proportional to the frequency and inversely proportional to the number of poles.
This means that if the frequency increases, the synchronous speed also increases, assuming the number of poles remains constant.
Conversely, if the frequency decreases, the synchronous speed decreases.
The actual speed of an induction motor is known as the rotor speed or slip speed, which is always slightly lower than the synchronous speed. The difference between the synchronous speed and the actual speed is referred to as slip and is necessary for the motor to induce a voltage in the rotor and generate torque.
It's important to note that the synchronous speed equation assumes an ideal motor with no load. In practice, the actual speed of the motor depends on various factors, including the load torque, rotor resistance, and motor design.
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What method is used to ensure proper ventilation in a server room?
Internal cooling systems
Maintaining a steady temperature
Hot and cold aisles
Internal fans
A method which is used to ensure proper ventilation in a server room is: C. Hot and cold aisles.
What is a server?A server can be defined as a dedicated computer system that is designed and developed to provide specific services to other computer devices or programs, which are commonly referred to as the clients.
What is a server room?In Computer technology, a server room is also referred to as a data center and it can be defined as a dedicated space (room) that is typically used for keeping a collection of servers and other network devices.
Generally, hot and cold aisles are often used in server rooms (data centers) to ensure proper ventilation, especially by removing hot air and pushing cool air into the server room.
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function test(name, birth_year, current_year) {
const age = current_year - birth_year;
const response = name + " is " + age;
return response;
}
test("john", 1917, 2006)
Answer:
Explanation:
The output of the function would be "john is 89". The function calculates the age of the person by subtracting the birth year from the current year and storing the result in the variable age. The response variable is then defined as the concatenation of the name variable, the string " is ", and the age variable. The return statement then returns the value of the response variable, which is "john is 89" in this case.
Which of the following should get a page quality (pg) rating of low or lowest? Select all that apply
The staement that are true or false about page quality (pg) rating is been selected below;
The statement “All queries have only one intent: Know, Do, Website or Visit-in-Person intent” is True.The statement “The intent of a Do query is to accomplish a goal or engage in an activity on a phone” is True.The statement “The intent of a Website query is to find information” is True.The statement “There is absolutely no information about who is responsible for the content of the website on a YMYL topic” is True.The statement “All the Main Content(MC) of the page is copied and created with deceptive intent” is True.The statement “A page with a mismatch between the location of the page and the rating location; for example, an English page for an English rating task’ is True.“A file type other than a web page, for example; a PDF, a Microsoft Word document or a PNG file” is False.What is page quality (pg) rating?A Page Quality (PQ) rating can be described as one that encompass the URL as well as grid so that it can help in the documentation of the observations, which will definiteley serves as the guide with respect to the exploration of the landing page.
It should be noted that the goal of Page Quality rating is based on the evaluation of completeness of the function.
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complete question;
Which of the following should get a Page Quality (PQ) rating of Low or Lowest? Select all that apply. True False A page with a mismatch between the location of the page and the rating location; for example, an English (UK) page for an English (US) rating task. True False A file type other than a webpage, for example: a PDF, a Microsoft Word document, or a PNG file. True False A page that gets a Didn't Load flag. True False Pages with an obvious problem with functionality or errors in displaying content.
give an example of an algorithm in c++ that can be used to avoid car collision using four infra red sensors
Answer:
Since entering the 21st century, the number of vehicles has increased exponentially, and the number of vehicles and drivers has further increased [1]. How to reduce the number of traffic accident deaths and economic losses has become an important issue in the context of such a large number of vehicles [2].
In recent years, some research studies have been made on the collision warning algorithm. The existing collision warning algorithms are mainly divided into two categories, namely, the Safety Time Algorithm and the Safety Distance Algorithm [3]. The safety time logic algorithm compares the collision time between the two workshops with the safety time threshold to determine the safety status. The safety time algorithm mainly uses Time to Collision (TTC) as the research object [4]. The safety distance model refers to the minimum distance between the vehicle and the obstacle, which is also the distance the vehicle needs to maintain to avoid the collision with the obstacle under the current conditions of the vehicle [5].
Explanation:
Media plays an important role in shaping the socio-economic mind set of the society. Discuss the adverse impact of the today's media technologies when compared to the traditional methods.
While today's media technologies offer unprecedented access to information, they also come with adverse effects. The proliferation of misinformation, the culture of information overload, and the reinforcement of echo chambers all contribute to a negative impact on the socio-economic mindset of society when compared to traditional media methods.
Today's media technologies have undoubtedly revolutionized the way information is disseminated and consumed, but they also bring adverse impacts when compared to traditional methods.
One significant drawback is the rise of misinformation and fake news. With the advent of social media and online platforms, anyone can become a content creator, leading to a flood of unverified and inaccurate information.
This has eroded trust in media sources and has the potential to misinform the public, shaping their socio-economic mindset based on falsehoods.
Additionally, the 24/7 news cycle and constant access to information through smartphones and other devices have created a culture of information overload and short attention spans.
Traditional media, such as newspapers and magazines, allowed for more in-depth analysis and critical thinking. Today, the brevity of news headlines and the focus on sensationalism prioritize clickbait and catchy content over substantive reporting.
This can lead to a shallow understanding of complex socio-economic issues and a lack of nuanced perspectives.
Furthermore, the dominance of social media algorithms and personalized news feeds create echo chambers, reinforcing existing beliefs and biases.
This hampers the exposure to diverse viewpoints and reduces the potential for open dialogue and understanding among individuals with different socio-economic backgrounds.
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What did Aristotle teach?
Philosophy, I beleive. He tought Sikander liturature and eloquence, but his most famous teachings were of philosophy.
Aristotle taught the world science. He was considered the best scientists of his time.
In the file Calculator.java, write a class called Calculator that emulates basic functions of a calculator: add, subtract, multiply, divide, and clear. The class has one private member field called value for the calculator's current value. Implement the following Constructor and instance methods as listed below: public Calculator() - Constructor method to set the member field to 0.0 public void add(double val) - add the parameter to the member field public void subtract(double val) - subtract the parameter from the member field public void multiply(double val) - multiply the member field by the parameter public void divide(double val) - divide the member field by the parameter public void clear( ) - set the member field to 0.0 public double getValue( ) - return the member field
Answer:
Explanation:
The following calculator class written in Java has all the methods and variables requested in the question, each completing their own specific function to the member variable.
class Calculator {
private double member;
public Calculator() {
this.member = 0.0;
}
public void add(double val) {
this.member += val;
}
public void subtract(double val) {
this.member -= val;
}
public void multiply(double val) {
this.member *= val;
}
public void divide(double val) {
this.member /= val;
}
public void clear() {
this.member = 0.0;
}
public double getValue() {
return this.member;
}
}
#Program to calculate statistics from student test scores. midterm_scores = [99.5, 78.25, 76, 58.5, 100, 87.5, 91, 68, 100] final_scores = [55, 62, 100, 98.75, 80, 76.5, 85.25] #Combine the scores into a single list all_scores = midterm_scores + final_scores num_midterm_scores = len(midterm_scores) num_final_scores = len(final_scores) print(num_midterm_scores, 'students took the midterm.') print(num_final_scores, 'students took the final.') #Calculate the number of students that took the midterm but not the final dropped_students = num_midterm_scores - num_final_scores print(dropped_students, 'students must have dropped the class.') lowest_final = min(final_scores) highest_final = max(final_scores) print('\nFinal scores ranged from', lowest_final, 'to', highest_final) # Calculate the average midterm and final scores # Hint: Sum the midterm scores and divide by number of midterm takers # Repeat for the final
Answer:
try this
Explanation:
#Python program for calculating avg
#Given data
m1 = [99.5, 78.25, 76, 58.5, 100, 87.5, 91, 68, 100]
f1 = [55, 62, 100, 98.75, 80, 85.25]
#combine scores
all_scores = m1 + f1
#number of m1 and f1
num_midterm = len(m1)
num_final = len(f1)
#find avg of scores
avg_midterm = sum(m1) / num_midterm
avg_final = sum(f1) / num_final
#print the avg
print("Average of the m1 score:",round(avg_midterm,2))
print("Average of the f1 score:",round(avg_final,2))
Consider the following algorithm: ```c++ Algorithm Mystery(n) { // Input:A nonnegative integer n S = 0; for i = 1 to n do { S = S + i * i; } return S } ``` 1. What does this algorithm compute? 2. What is its basic operation? 3. How many times is the basic operation executed? 4. What is the efficiency class of this algorithm? 5. Suggest an improvement, or a better algorithm altogether, and indicate its efficiency class. If you cannot do it, try to prove that, in fact, it cannot be done.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
First let us find what this algorithm compute:
Algorithm Mystery(n) {
S = 0;
for i = 1 to n do
{ S = S + i * i; }
return S }
1)
Let suppose n = 3
S = 0
The algorithm has a for loop that has a loop variable i initialized to 1
At first iteration:
i = 1
S = S + i * i;
= 0 + 1 * 1
S = 1
At second iteration:
i = 2
S = 1
S = S + 2 * 2;
= 1 + 2 * 2
= 1 + 4
S = 5
At third iteration:
i = 3
S = 5
S = S + 3 * 3;
= 5 + 3 * 3
= 5 + 9
S = 14
Now the loop breaks at i=4 because loop iterates up to n and n =3
So from above example it is clear that the algorithm computes the sum of squares of numbers from 1 to n. Or you can say it compute the sum of first n squares. Let us represent this statement in mathematical form:
∑\(\left \ {{n} \atop {i=1}} \right.\) i²
2)
From above example we can see that the basic operation is multiplication. At every iteration loop variable i is multiplied by itself from 1 to n or till n times. However we can also say that addition is the basic operation because at each iteration the value of S is added to the square of i. So it takes the same amount of time.
3)
In the for loop, the basic operation executes once. We can say that at each iteration of the loop, multiplication is performed once. Suppose A(n) represents the number of times basic operation executes then,
A(n) = ∑\(\left \ {{n} \atop {i=1}} \right.\) 1 = n
4)
Since for loop executes once for each of the numbers from 1 to n, so this shows that for loop executes for n times. The basic operation in best, worst or average case runs n times. Hence the running time of Θ(n) . We can say that A(n) = n ∈ Θ(n)
If b is the number of bits needed to represent n then
b = log₂n + 1
b = log₂n
So
n ≈ \(2^{b}\)
A(n) ≈ \(2^{b}\) ≈ Θ( \(2^{b}\) )
5)
One solution is to calculate sum of squares without using Θ(n) algorithm. So the efficient algorithm that takes less time than the previous algorithm is:
Algorithm Mystery(n) {
S = 0;
S = (n * ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) ) / 6 ;
return S}
Now the sum can be calculated in Θ(1) times. This is because regardless of the size and number of operands/operations, the time of arithmetic operation stays the same. Now lets find out how this algorithm works for
n = 3
S = (n * ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) ) / 6 ;
= (3 * ( 3 + 1 ) * (2(3) + 1) ) / 6
= (3 * (4) * (6+1)) / 6
= (3 * (4) * (7)) / 6
= (3 * 4 * 7) / 6
= 84 / 6
S = 14